This report reviews the research literature on the effects of divorce and one-parent childrearing on academic achievement and intellectual functioning in children. Life changes following the decision to separate are described along with scholastic achievement measured by IQ and aptitude tests and patterns of cognitive performance. Factors associated with achievement--such as the reason for the single-parent status, siblings, sex and race of the child, and socioeconomic status of the family--are outlined. Social behavior and work patterns are also reviewed. The report concludes with a review of factors that may modify post-divorce stress, including effective family functioning, positive relationships, and support services. An extensive bibliography is appended along with 14 tables that analyze each research study in depth. (Author/JAC)