In spite of lack of support from white women, educated black women concentrated their efforts on better conditions for the uneducated and the poorer among them during the late 19th century. Their primary concerns were education and employment opportunities, suffrage, the defense of black female morality, and the condemnation of lynching. The philosophy of black female leaders was that they received their education for the elevation of the race. They believed in the moral superiority of women, that the degraded state of the black race was a result of the degraded state of its women, and that only through the actions of black women would their lot improve. Few white women were supportive of black causes. Even suffragists Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton placed color above principle in an attempt to gain support of southern white women. Thus, black women either formed organizations such as the National Association of Colored Women or worked independently on behalf of their race, often condemning the actions and attitudes of white women. Although the 20th century saw an increased interracial cooperation among women, distrust of white women still prevailed. (Author/KC)