There is little research by social psychologists in the areas of leadership and social organization, especially from a cross-cultural perspective, though such research offers an understanding of both leadership and culture. Existing cross-cultural management studies suffer from a lack of understanding of important social and cross-cultural psychological principles. Leadership research across cultures provides the opportunity to test the universality of leadership theories and also the opportunity to broaden those theories through the inclusion of a wider range of variables than are available in a single society. While the study of social organization at the "macro" level is not usually within the scope of social psychologists, an examination of the leadership theories of the behavioral scientist-anthropologists, political anthropologists, sociologists - yields valuable insights for cross-cultural leadership research. Leadership and social organization represent a fruitful area of study for cross-cultural psychology. (MCF)