A case study dealing with problems arising from the steady decline in enrolments in South Australia since World War II provides comparative statistical tables on, and a discussion of, these problems. The problems addressed are: number of students enrolled; number of teachers; expenditure on education; teacher loss rate by primary and secondary level; age profile of teachers; promotion opportunities for principals (primary and secondary) and senior masters (maths/sciences); and number of applicants for permanent teaching positions. Resources available to students, namely, teachers, physical facilities, and school curricula are examined in relation to declining enrolments. Declining enrolments are seen as posing societal problems, such as youth unemployment, as well as school problems, which will be a significant challenge to schooling systems. Recommendations emphasize the necessity of parents, communities, schools, and teachers to work toward broadly based solutions. (AH)