Factors and conditions that facilitate or retard international exchange in education and research at Japanese universities were studied, and Japanese higher education was assessed from the perspective of international openness. The following surveys were conducted: an Institutional Survey on International Exchange Programs in Japanese Universities, a National Survey of Opinion among Foreign Teachers at Japanese Universities and Colleges, and a Survey of Opinion among Foreign Students Concerning Japanese Graduate Education. Sample questionnaires in English and Japanese for the latter two surveys are appended. It was found that more than 40 percent of the institutions have some organizations or positions dealing with international exchange, and more than 20 percent of the institutions have some cooperative relationship or exchange program with foreign institutions. In addition, more than 80 percent of the institutions employ foreign teachers, full-time or part-time. In contrast with foreign teachers, more than 70 percent of foreign graduate students seemed to be satisfied with the graduate school they attend. However, they did not necessarily feel that Japanese universities have reached the international academic standard. Foreign university teachers in Japan criticized the research orientation rather than teaching orientation of Japanese professors, the lack of an organized and structured curriculum, and the uniform and inflexible teaching methods and patterns. Summary reports on the following international study tours are also presented: international academic exchange in Europe and the United States, appointment procedures of foreign professors in comparative perspective, and international academic exchange between Japan and Asia. A bibliography is appended. (SW)