Research has reported relationships between fear of success and fear of failure and between fear of success and various sex-role identity factors. These relationships were examined for undergraduates (N=154) using the Fear of Success Scale (FOSS) to measure fear of success, the Debilitating Anxiety Scale (DAS) to measure fear of failure, and the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) to assess sex-role orientation. Results indicated a moderate correlation between FOSS and DAS scores, suggesting a relationship between fear of success and fear of failure. This relationship was stronger for females than for males. The findings suggest that fear of success is a sex-role related construct, while fear of failure is a gender-related construct. (Author/NRB)