This paper reviews desegregation litigation since 1896 and discusses literature on the effects of segregated versus desegregated schools on the self concept and academic performance of black students. The outcomes of busing and other desegregation methods are considered in the literature review as are student attitudes, race relations, and social adjustment following desegregation. Based on existing research, it is asserted that opinions of desegregation are intertwined with opinions of busing. It is further suggested that while opinion surveys indicate that most people support the principle of desegregation, there is little agreement on the means for achieving it. (JCD)