This report examines the impact of the Soviet Academy of Sciences on the development of technology in the Soviet Union, finding that the future of Soviet technology depends significantly on the Academy and that severe problems stemming from its nature and its relationship with Soviet industry encumber the Academy's ability to serve Soviet technology. Following an introduction, the report focuses on: (1) the network of Soviet research, development and innovation (RDI) performer institutions, including field limitations, jurisdictional division of research and development (R&D) institutions, and the functional types of R&D institutions; (2) the Academy of Sciences as an R&D performing institution; (3) technological support of the Academy of Sciences; (4) R&D sources of the Academy of Sciences, including fields and levels of R&D activity and relative importance of Academy institutes, and classification of R&D institutes of the Academy of Sciences system; and (5) a brief discussion of the conclusions. Institutes of the USSR Academy of Sciences and Republic Academies and a table indicating the distribution of scientific workers by republic and sector are included in the appendices. (Author/SK)