This document contains two papers commissioned by the Human Resources Commission of the National Research Council to explore the potential effects of military personnel requirements on the supply of scientists and engineers, and reaction to the papers from a one-day seminar of invited participants. The first paper, by Dr. Dael Wolfle, considers the implementation of policy alternatives such as an all-volunteer force, selective service, national youth service, and strengthening the reserves and national guard. It concludes that any of these options would not create a significant problem for the future supply of scientists and engineers under less than all-out emergency conditions. The second paper, by Dr. Richard Cooper, includes a detailed analysis based on knowledge of recent trends in military procurement, demographics, and various policy options open to the nation for meeting its military personnel needs. Cooper's paper (1) develops an analytical framework for addressing the effects of military personnel procurement policy on the future supply of scientists and engineers; (2) explores the possible effects under several alternate scenarios; and (3) establishes a research agenda for determining more precisely what these effects might be under a wide range of alternative circumstances. Participants in the conference indicated general agreement with the authors' findings and the way in which they were produced. The final conclusion of the conference was that military personnel requirements under less than major increases in force levels or mobilization conditions will not have a heavily negative effect on the output of scientists and engineers; and under some conditions, military personnel policies might increase this supply. (KC)