Guilt and anxiety in mothers of preschool children as a function of marital and career status, child care arrangements, and traditionalism were studied in a sample of 51 non-student women. The sample comprised four major groups: Group One mothers had an intact marriage and were at home with their children; Group Two mothers had an intact marriage, were not employed, and their children were at nursery school; Group Three mothers had intact marriages, were employed, and their children were enrolled in nursery school; and Group Four mothers were single, working, and their children were in nursery school. It was hypothesized that guilt and anxiety would be most strongly found among traditional women with children in nursery school. Each mother filled out a questionnaire that measured (1) conservation of temperament and radicalism; (2) "untroubled adequacy" and guilt proneness, and (3) maternal guilt concerning the quantity of interaction with their preschool children. The major hypothesis was not confirmed. However, Group One mothers exhibited the least amount of guilt and anxiety and Group Four mothers the most amount of guilt and anxiety. Results suggest the need for a support network among single working mothers. (Author/RH)