A balanced state system of education and qualification improvement of library personnel within all the republics of the USSR has been created, which consists of education of qualified librarians at university level from four to five years, with advanced study at leading libraries, and the training of medium level personnel in 12- to 18-month curriculums at the postsecondary level. Twenty-eight schools for librarians and 130 for library technicians use a combination of day, night, and correspondence courses to produce graduates to meet the cultural and technological demands of the Russian nation. Postgraduate and doctoral programs of three to four years duration are offered in programs of library science, information science, special bibliography, general bibliography, and others requiring research work and the authorship of theses and dissertations. The culmination of the doctoral programs is the granting of the degrees of Doctor of Pedagogical Science in the field of bibliography and library science and Doctor of Philological Sciences in bibliography. (RAA)