Goals of the Lilly Post-Doctoral Fellowships Program as defined by the Lilly Endowment and as perceived by the Fellows, campus program directors, and participants in the Lilly Conferences are considered. The Endowment offered small grants (a maximum of three years of support at a maximum of $50,000 each year) to institutions willing to examine how to orient recent Ph.D.s to the teaching profession at their universities. Since its inception in 1974, the program has consisted of two major elements, the on-campus programs, planned and administered by the institutions, and the biannual conferences for all Fellows, planned and administered by the Lilly Endowment. The on-campus programs affected 16 institutions from 1974 through 1980. The common pattern has been for the Endowment to make a grant to the institution to be used for the support of from six to ten Fellows selected by the institution. In addition to their work at the campus, all of the Lilly Fellows and program directors are expected to attend two conferences during the year, which are designed to encourage and facilitate discussion of teaching and learning theories and program experiences, and to consider the influence that institutional values and goals have on faculty philosophies and approaches to teaching. Each Fellow also is expected to write a "letter of reflection" on experiences during the fellowship year. Case studies are presented for the University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Indiana University-Bloomington, and West Virginia University. Additionally, attitudes and activities of the campus program directors, information concerning the conferences, and reflections of the Fellows are considered. (SW)