This paper has shown the advantages of tailored testing over traditional methods, the need for latent trait theory in the application of tailored testing, and some of the results available to show the quality of estimates obtained by tailored testing procedures. Since the tailored testing procedures overcome many of the problems with traditional methods, such as restrictive time limits, inappropriate item difficulty and poor testing environments, the procedures are argued to be an important new method for estimating levels of achievement and aptitude. This method requires the capabilities of the modern computer for implementation and procedures for item pool linking, item selection for each individual, and scoring procedures that can be used when each person gets tests composed of different items and of different lengths. Although tailored testing procedures have been developed based on traditional item analysis methods, testing has become an elegantly simple procedure when based on latent trait theory. Item pool linking, item selection, and test scoring are easily accomplished through the use of item characteristic curve models. The empirical research results using tailored testing are still somewhat limited, but what results do exist show the promise of the procedure. (Author/BW)