Interpretations of findings of three National Science Foundation (NSF) surveys are presented. These surveys included a large-scale survey of teachers and administrators, case studies of individual schools, and a review of the literature. The first part of the document, Mathematics Teaching Today in the Elementary and Middle School, is subdivided into: (1) Content Emphasis in Elementary Mathematics Programs; (2) Patterns of Instructional Organization and Style; (3) Perceptions of the Abilities, Problems, and Needs of Teachers; (4) The Task Ahead; and (5) References. Part two, Mathematics Teaching Today in the Secondary School, contains: (1) Course Content and Enrollments; (2) Patterns of Instructional Style; (3) Teacher Abilities, Attitudes, and Beliefs; (4) Changing School Mathematics; (5) The Task Ahead; and (6) References. (MP)