The question of whether criminology and criminal justice are distinct fields is addressed in two papers. Differences between criminology and criminal justice are delineated by emphasizing formal definitions of the field(s), occupational roles, contemporary educational trends, and future development. According to John P. Conrad, criminology is the application of the scientific method to explain the interactions of law-making, law-breaking, and the reactions of society to these processes. Criminology recently has shown leanings to the field of sociology and also has drawn upon the theories and methodologies of all social and some biological sciences. In contrast, criminal justice has applied criminological research findings. Education in criminology is expected to lead to research and teaching roles. Criminal justice practitioners need to have knowledge of criminology; however, criminal justice is characterized by the need to understand how the system works, how the criminal law affects that system, and how the system should be administered. This may be done in the university, but would be done better in a professional school. Richard Myren sees distinctions between criminology and criminal justice also. It is suggested that criminal justice is an extension of criminology and is more comprehensive, and that a new field will emerge that will transcend both the old criminology and criminal justice. The tensions that exist between practitioners and academics are discussed. It is proposed that professional schools of justice should develop with a blending of the theoretical and applied elements of criminology and criminal justice. The result would be a new discipline and a new profession based upon studies of justice. (SW)