This study attempted to investigate: (1) preschool children's positive or negative perceptions of the aged, and (2) the effect of increased interpersonal contact with older adults on these perceptions. A review of related literature is reported. Two instruments, The Perceptions of the Aged Test (PAT) and The Familiarity With the Aged Questionnaire (FAQ) were developed. The PAT was administered to 47 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children from three child development laboratories at Oklahoma State University. The FAQ was completed by subjects' parents. Subjects were divided into three groups: Group 1 received instruction in a "Living History with Young Children" unit from their teachers and four aged (65 to 80 years) resource persons who had talents or knowledge related to the concepts being taught; Group 2 received instruction in the "Living History" unit from their teachers only; and Group 3 did not receive instruction from the "Living History" unit and had no contact with the aged resource persons. After the 8-week instruction period, the PAT was readministered. Results indicate significant difference between the three groups on the PAT pretest. No sex or age differences were found on the FAQ. There were no significant differences in the perceptions of children who had interaction with aged persons and those that did not. Results are discussed. (SB)