This experiment was designed to investigate the generality-specificity of the accuracy of both encoders and decoders across different types of nonverbal behavior. It was expected that encoders and decoders would exhibit generality in their behavior--i.e., the same level of accuracy--on the dimension of behavior content (comprehension/noncomprehension). Less generality of accuracy was expected on the dimension of mode of behavior (spontaneous/role play). Contrary to predictions, results indicated a high degree of specificity across both content and mode of behavior when the data were analyzed separately for encoders and decoders. These findings seriously question the conclusion of previous reports suggesting high generality in the encoding and decoding of nonverbal behavior. Instead, individuals appear to be quite situation-specific in their ability to encode and decode nonverbal behavior. A theoretical interpretation of the results is offered. (Author)