This volume reports research conducted to provide the National Science Foundation (NSF) with information concerning the existing range of beliefs and opinions about the impact of the hand-held calculator on pre-college educational practice. A literature search and several surveys of groups of individuals involved in calculator manufacture and sales or in education were conducted. In addition, four position papers by prominent educators were obtained. The body of the report presents summaries of information collected relevant to availability of calculators, arguments for and against their use in schools, ways in which they are now used in schools, and research findings. Five recommendations related to study of and preparation for implementation of calculator use are made. A list of references is provided. (SD)