A measure of role-taking skill was administered individually to 12 male and 8 female preschoolers. In addition the children were observed during free play on 30 consecutive school days, and their behaviors were coded according to Parten's social participation categories. Significant negative relationships were found to exist between the role-taking task and the incidence of parallel and onlooker-unoccupied activity. Role-taking skill was positively related to associative play. The results provide correlation support for Piaget's belief that peer interaction leads to a decline of egocentrism in childhood. (Author/JMB)