The results and interpretation of three years of research into inequality are presented in this book. Chapters cover these topics: (1) from equal opportunity to equal results; (2) inequality in the schools--access to schools and colleges, expenditure differences between schools and individuals, access to privileged school mates, and access to fast classes and college curriculums; (3) inequality in cognitive skills--the nature and extent of cognitive inequality, the heredity/environment controversy, schooling and cognitive inequality; (4) a note on noncognitive traits; (5) inequality in educational attainment--the effects of economic background, race, and family background, academic aptitude and academic credentials, and the effects of school quality, high school resources, segregation, and curriculum placement; (6) inequality in occupational status; (7) income inequality; (8) inequality in job satisfaction; and (9) what can be done. Estimating the heritability of IQ scores and path models of intergenerational mobility are discussed in two appendices, and a layman's guide to statistical terms is provided in a third. A lengthy list of references is also provided. (KM)