Research has shown that a behavior may be acquired through observing and imitating a model. A behavior which has already been acquired may be inhibited, disinhibited, or elicited by observing and imitating. A definition of imitation is given, and the effects of imitation on learning and performance are summarized. Research on factors which affect imitation is reviewed. These factors include the characteristics of the model, the characteristics of the observer, and the consequences of the behavior to the model and to the observer. Research on imitation of cognitive skills, subject matter knowledge, and prosocial behavior is also reviewed. Finally, techniques are outlined for the use of modeling to facilitate classroom learning and motivation. (Author)