This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a document examining the objective connections existing between the system of training and the course of general development of students. It proposes a more effective system of education than the one in operation at the present time. The various contributors to the work have applied educational experimentation combined with observation of teachers using traditional teaching methods. The research makes extensive use of experimental and psychological methods in studying the students' powers of observation, thinking, and work habits. Pavlov's physiological theories are the scientific basis for this research. The experimental programs, textbooks, and methods of this new system of elementary education are based on didactic principles; they are, basically, teaching should be conducted at a high difficulty level; rapid headway is essential; and major importance should be attached to the theoretical basis and systematic work should be carried on to enhance everyone's development, including, the slow learners. The experimental classes did better than the traditional ones because the former used the didactic techniques. (Author/GDB)