This report is comprised of two separate papers, "A Tax Credit for Certain Educational Expenses" by James A. Maxwell and Bernard L. Weinstein and "Income Tax Credits for Tuitions and Gifts in Nonpublic School Education" by Roger A. Freeman. The first paper is based on the assumption that provision of financial relief to parents who send their children to nonpublic schools would improve horizontal equity and be good public policy. The tax credit, as a method that appears to have promise, is discussed as to the history of tax credits, their justification for educational expenses, the design of the tax credit, its economic impact, administrative problems, constitutional problems, and treasury objectives. Two appendixes to the report present: State Experience with Tax Credits, and Estimated Costs of Tax Credit Proposals. The second paper discusses the ways in which nonpublic school education can be aided by the national government. These ways are delineated under the following sections: Tax Benefits: Exclusions, Exemptions, Deducations, Credits; What Are Deductions For?; Do Tuitions Qualify under Our System of Tax Deductions?; Objections to Tuition Tax Credits; and A Tax Credit Plan. (For related document, see ED 058 473.) (DB)