The theory and practice of education have been profoundly influenced since 1900 by the educational research and the educational testing movements. These movements deserve greatly increased historical research. Many current innovations in education have been tried in the past and found wanting. Study of the pioneer educational researches reveals the discovery of educational principles still accepted and those which have been modified as a result of more recent research. The Progressive Education Movement has been subjected to much historical research. Similiar study of the educational research and of the testing movements might reveal comparable effects on instructional objectives, methods, and materials. Much of the history of educational research and measurements has dealt with the efforts of various persons -- G. Stanley Hall, Dr. J. M. Rice, E. L. Thorndike, and so on. There has been little concern for conditions producing, and influenced by, these movements. How much is to be credited to awareness of individual differences and abandonment of formal discipline? To what extent was the Committee of Ten appointed in 1892 by the NEA s stimulus to educational research? What effect did the scientific management movement have on educational testing and research? (It affected J. M. Rice and Leonard Ayres.) How has the development of statistical methods influenced the quality of educational research? (Author)