Senate Resolution 165, 90th Congress, authorized an investigation into the education of Indian children. Subsequent resolutions extended the investigation, the results of which are synthesized in this report. Historical discussion of national policy toward the American Indian, the effects of Federal legislation, and the failures of Federal schools are presented. Public school findings included the lack of Indian participation or control; coursework which rarely recognized Indian history, culture, or language; and anti-Indian attitudes on the part of school administrators and teachers. Federal schools were found to be grossly underfinanced, deficient in academic performance, unsatisfactory in quality and effectiveness of instruction, seriously deficient in guidance and counseling programs, and characterized by a rigid and impersonal environment. Sixty recommendations were made in the areas of national policy and goals, administration of Indian education, the future of Federal schools, and the Federal role in relation to non-Federal schools. Statistical tables are presented in an appendix. (JH)