This brief paper defines participatory action research, reviews the literature on its use, and offers examples of how researchers and practitioners are applying principles of participatory action research data to select effective practices and support change and innovation in schools. Generation of data-based strategies in natural environments is illustrated by a current study in which occupational and physical therapists are paired with researchers to conduct individualized research. Promotion of inclusive schooling practices is supported by several examples of participatory action research efforts to provide information for school improvement initiatives. Other examples include several projects that are conducting collaborative family research. Benefits to families of this approach are noted, including expanding the relevance and utilization of research to families. A final section looks at use of participatory action research to study social inclusion of people with disabilities at worksites. Emphasis is on involvement of all stakeholders from the beginning and equalizing power among participants. (DB)