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Descriptors:
Interests; Unions; Voting; Nutrition; Union Members; Eating Habits; Cooperation; School Community Relationship

Abstract:
Unions serve their members' interests. But union members are also community members, and their interests go well beyond increasing pay and benefits. A local union president has found that his members are best served by participating in a community-wide coalition. Providing eyeglasses to needy students, promoting healthy eating, and increasing voter registration are just a few of the important issues they have tackled together. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Stakeholders; Policy Formation; Unions; Foreign Countries; Public Policy; Part Time Employment; Student Employment; Interviews; Administrative Principles; Student Problems; Social Problems; Employer Attitudes; Performance Factors; Strategic Planning; Employment Practices; Labor Legislation

Abstract:
This paper uses data from interviews with representatives of national and state organisations that have a policy interest in student-working in Australia. The interviewees included representatives from employer bodies and trade unions as well as government organisations. The data are used to discuss these stakeholders' perceptions of the main advantages and disadvantages of working by young full-time students and the ways in which organisations in the business and educational sectors have adapted their policies and practices for student-working. The analysis is then used to inform a discussion about whether this is a legitimate area for public policy formulation and if so, what principles might underpin such policy and what some policies might look like. (Contains 3 tables and 1 note.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Foreign Countries; Educational Change; Secondary Education; Teacher Participation; Unions; Change Agents

Abstract:
The countries of Latin America have been no exception to global calls for educational transformation and teacher professionalization at the secondary level. One of the newest of these reforms is Mexico's Reforma de la Educacion Secundaria (RS) (Reform of Secondary Education), launched in 2006. This article examines portrayals by various actors of the nature and extent of the participation of both teachers and the teachers' union in the different phases of the RS, beginning with the initial formulation of the reform through the implementation and the "follow-up." Findings indicate that in spite of efforts to provide more transparency and opportunities for teacher participation, for the most part secondary teachers in Mexico neither felt like agents nor partners in the RS, nor did they function as such in the reform process. As in previous reform efforts, teachers mostly felt that they were recipients of plans formulated by government officials, and as a result many have evidenced neither complete compliance nor full commitment to the reform. The national teachers' union, meanwhile, claims to represent teachers' voices and thus a form of teacher participation, but this claim is denied in the findings. The discussion and conclusions emphasize the multiple significations of teacher "participation" and the need to overcome system-wide contradictions, while drawing on theory about the conditioned state, bureaucracy, and democratizing civil society to help situate and explain the findings. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Unions; Collective Bargaining; Labor; College Faculty; Employment; Laws; Fees; Criticism; State Legislation; Advocacy; Financial Support

Abstract:
Faculty unions outside Michigan have reason to be concerned with its passage of legislation barring unions from collecting fees from workers who do not join them. But the experiences of faculty unions in states that adopted such laws years ago suggest that while the measures can be a major hindrance to their work, they are not a death blow. Proponents of such measures, who have succeeded in getting them widely known as "right to work" laws, and even many of the measures' critics see their adoption by Michigan, a stronghold of organized labor, as portending support for them in statehouses elsewhere. Among the states likely to seriously consider such legislation this year are Missouri, New Hampshire, and Pennsylvania. The measures generally hurt unions' ability to recruit members and raise money by creating situations where workers benefit from a union's advocacy and services without joining it as a dues-paying member or otherwise supporting it financially. A look at faculty groups in states that already have such laws shows, however, that collective bargaining can survive. The laws' impact on unions, for the most part, appear less severe than some labor organizers might fear. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Teacher Effectiveness; Teacher Improvement; Teaching (Occupation); Teacher Recruitment; Preservice Teacher Education; Teacher Placement; Teacher Persistence; Incentives; Accountability; Unions

Abstract:
This paper outlines a set of ideas for improving teacher quality in America's schools. In it, the author proposes a combination of incremental steps and ambitious ones, designed to stimulate policymakers, practitioners, and the public to accelerate efforts to develop high-quality teachers. The paper has four main sections. First, the author provides a brief assessment of the current state of teaching in America, identifying five core challenges reformers must address if they are serious about improving teacher quality. Second, the author posits a new, broader conceptualization of the teaching profession. Third, the author provides specific recommendations for how to better recruit, prepare, place, incentivize, and hold accountable the teachers America requires. Finally, having recently lived and breathed the Chicago teacher strike, the author concludes with some thoughts about the trajectory of organized labor, and what it might do to support the development of a stronger teacher workforce in America. (Contains 17 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Higher Education; Vocational Education; Foreign Countries; Employers; Unions; Educational Finance; Financial Support; Literacy; Numeracy; Global Approach; Technological Advancement; Least Squares Statistics

Abstract:
Higher level vocational education and training (VET) programmes are facing rapid change and intensifying challenges. What type of training is needed to meet the needs of a changing economies? How should the programmes be funded? How should they be linked to academic and university programmes? How can employers and unions be engaged? This report on Switzerland looks at these and other questions.

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Descriptors:
Vocational Education; Foreign Countries; Labor Market; Small Businesses; Economics; Training; Public Policy; Population Distribution; Employment; Corporate Education; Educational Legislation; Federal Legislation; Government Role; Unions; Educational Development; Federal Regulation; Partnerships in Education; Adult Education

Abstract:
This briefing examines training and development (T&D) in Quebec, one of 10 provinces and three territories that make up Canada. Quebec has three distinguishing characteristics that encourage analysis of its T&D separately from that of Canada as a whole. First, it is the only North American region with a majority francophone population. Second, government regulation of the labour market is the most extensive in North America. Third, the percentage of workers who are unionized is the highest in North America. The authors first outline the background of T&D in Quebec, mainly by describing the evolution of the education system. Second, they explore the legislation which makes compulsory the investment in T&D for organizations that have a payroll exceeding 1 million Canadian dollars (CAD). The briefing highlights the fact that the legislation and concerted action between the social partners are the main determinants of T&D practices in Quebec. Given the importance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Quebec economy, the authors then present an overview of training practices in SMEs. Despite increased participation and investment in T&D, it is still limited in SMEs and this remains a challenge for Quebec. (Contains 8 tables and 2 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Foreign Countries; Higher Education; Governance; Leadership; Vertical Organization; Organization; College Faculty; Job Satisfaction; Work Environment; Tenure; Part Time Faculty; Unions

Abstract:
Academic work has become increasingly fragmented. The horizontal fragmentation of the profession into disciplinary tribes has been accompanied by the increasing participation of student affairs and educational development professionals located outside the academic units but are actively engaged in academic work, such as supporting teaching and student learning. An increasing vertical fragmentation of academic work has recently occurred within academic units with the increasing employment of contract university teachers and research assistants. In Canada, horizontal and vertical fragmentations have occurred while universities and strong faculty unions have protected the "traditional" tenure-stream professoriate. Drawing on recent research, the author argues that these Canadian full-time faculties have high levels of job satisfaction and are well-remunerated, productive scholars. Maintaining the status and the supportive working conditions of the full-time, tenure-stream professoriate has largely been accomplished through labor cost efficiencies created by the increasing use of part-time, contractual university teachers, now frequently represented by labor unions that are distinct from their full-time peers. This article discusses the challenges for academic governance and leadership associated with this increasing fragmentation of academic work in the context of the "global" university. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Unions; Voting; Social Capital; Union Members; Citizen Participation; Elections; Socioeconomic Status; Correlation; Educational Attainment; Political Attitudes; Professional Associations

Abstract:
This article examines the effect of union membership on civic and political participation in the late 20th century in the United States. We discuss why and how unions seek to mobilize their members and where mobilization is channeled. We argue that union membership affects electoral and collective action outcomes and will be larger for low socioeconomic status individuals. Statistical analyses find that union membership is associated with many forms of political activity, including voting, protesting, association membership, and others. Union effects are larger for less educated individuals, a group that otherwise exhibits low levels of participation. Union membership is not associated with outcomes distant from union political agendas, such as general volunteering and charitable giving, suggesting that unions generate "political capital" rather than generalized social capital. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Grounded Theory; Work Environment; Nursing Homes; Health Personnel; Health Services; Unions; Employees; Interviews; Hygiene; Psychological Patterns; Employee Attitudes; Barriers; Affective Behavior; Caring; Older Adults

Abstract:
This study explored how direct care workers in nursing homes conceptualize good care and how their conceptualizations are influenced by external factors surrounding their work environment and the relational dynamics between them and residents. Study participants were drawn from a local service employees' union, and in-depth interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach, and the results revealed that direct care workers equated good care, such as resident cleanliness, comfort, and happiness as a desirable outcome of care activities. Good care also meant affectionate, respectful, and patient attitudes of direct care workers toward residents in care delivery processes. Nursing home workers internalized the perspectives of residents and other professionals about what constitutes good care, and then drew their own conclusions about how to balance, combine, and compromise those diverse demands. It is important to communicate accurate and consistent messages about what comprises good nursing home care to nursing home workers and build a working environment where workers' conceptualizations about good care can be executed without organizational barriers. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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