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Descriptors:
Adolescent Literature; Writing (Composition); English Instruction; Teacher Educators; Adolescents; Writing Instruction; Teachers; Youth; Scaffolding (Teaching Technique); Teaching Methods; Tutors; Student Writing Models; Reading Writing Relationship

Abstract:
Identifying English Education courses focused on young adult literature as apposite sites for exploring teacher conceptions of youth and the texts aimed for youths' consumptions, this article addresses the multiple sources of tension--and pedagogical potential--of teaching a young adult literature course centrally framed around controversial discourses of adolescence. Reflecting on six years of teaching the course at two different institutions with a strong focus on critical perspectives of youth, the article examines why students in the class would understandably strain against this curriculum, as well as what it might mean for secondary literacy curricula and secondary students if teacher educators and secondary teachers take up these pedagogical risks and sources of resistance in efforts to interrupt dominant and stereotypical discourses about youth. (Contains 1 figure and 4 resources.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Supplementary Education; Tutoring; Peer Teaching; Guides; Study Guides; Program Guides; Instructional Materials; Training Methods; Training Objectives; Tutors; Bibliographies; Pretests Posttests; Educational Principles; Teacher Responsibility; Program Improvement; Records (Forms); Statistical Data; Problem Sets; Learning Activities; Reference Materials; Program Descriptions; Educational Strategies; Educational Practices

Abstract:
This manual consists of an introduction to our Academic Peer Instruction (API) program at LaGuardia Community College, a compilation of the materials we have developed and use for training of our tutors (with answers), and a bibliography. API is based on an internationally recognized peer tutoring program, Supplemental Instruction. (Contains 6 tables and 23 figures.)

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Tutoring; Open Universities; Preservice Teacher Education; Distance Education; Tutors; Research Tools; Andragogy; Reflection; Skill Analysis; Student Evaluation of Teacher Performance; Teaching Skills; Scaffolding (Teaching Technique); Student Attitudes; Questionnaires; Student Teacher Attitudes; Likert Scales; Interviews; Knowledge Base for Teaching; Participant Satisfaction; Teacher Effectiveness; Online Courses; Foreign Countries; Adult Education; Adult Students

Abstract:
The researcher conducted present study with the objectives to a). evaluate attitude of learners towards academic and tutoring skills of distance education tutors, b). assess the opinion of distance learners about assessment and evaluation skills of their tutors and c). examine reflection of learners on scaffolding skills of distance education tutors. The population of the study consisted of learners of pre-service teacher education (B.Ed semester spring 2010) programme of Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad. The sample of the study was taken through the convenient sampling technique from three regions of Allama Iqbal Open University situated in the Punjab Province. A questionnaire was designed using a five-point (rating/Likert) scale to elicit the reflection of (600) learners. However, the response rate was 78% (468) of the total sample. Interview schedule was also used as a research tool for collecting qualitative data from (50) respondents in five groups. The researcher analysed data quantitatively and qualitatively. The study concluded that the overall reflection of distance learners on andragogical skills of their tutors was positive. Apparently they were satisfied with andragogical skills of their tutors. They asserted that their tutors had academic and tutoring skills (consisting of encouraging, guiding & facilitating--emboldening and enabling skills), assessment & evaluation skills, and technical and social skills. However, tutors needed training to use social websites, Skype and mobile phone conferences and online discussion. Keeping in view the conclusion of the study, the researcher recommended short and long term training of tutors to use information and communication technologies appropriately. (Contains 7 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Reading Fluency; Tutors; Peer Teaching; Tutoring; Grade 2; Error Correction; Reading Instruction; Oral Reading; Teaching Methods

Abstract:
Acting as a tutor can increase a student's academic skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative effectiveness of two types of reading fluency building strategies--echo reading and error correction--for the fluency improvement of tutors. Forty lower performing readers were trained in echo reading and error correction. Then, they tutored a peer using one, both, or neither of these methods. Tutors who used the echo reading method showed significantly higher improvement. (Contains 1 table.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Algebra; Equations (Mathematics); Animation; Control Groups; Courseware; Tutors; Tutor Training; Mathematics Instruction; Pretests Posttests; Mathematics Education

Abstract:
Algebra students studied either static-table, static-graphics, or interactive-graphics instructional worked examples that alternated with Algebra Cognitive Tutor practice problems. A control group did not study worked examples but solved both the instructional and practice problems on the Cognitive Tutor (CT). Students in the control group requested fewer hints and made fewer errors on the CT practice problems but required more learning time on the instructional examples. There was no difference among the four groups in constructing equations on a paper-and-pencil posttest or on a delayed test that included training and transfer problems. However, students who studied worked examples with a table were best at identifying the meaning of the equation components. The concept of transfer-appropriate processing (the overlap between instructional task and assessment task) aided our interpretation of the findings. Although the CT had a short-term effect on reducing errors and hint requests on CT practice problems, the worked examples were as effective on delayed paper-and-pencil tests. The subsequent construction of a new module for the Animation Tutor (Reed and Hoffman, Animation Tutor: Mixtures. Instructional software, 2011) used both the interactive-graphics and static-table worked examples to take advantage of the complementary strengths of different representations (Ainsworth, Learn Instr 16:183-198, 2006). Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Biology; Foreign Countries; Experimental Groups; Tutors; Protocol Analysis; Misconceptions; Group Activities; Simulation; Science Education; Science Instruction; College Science; Undergraduate Students; Undergraduate Study; Higher Education; Educational Environment; Comparative Analysis; Pretests Posttests

Abstract:
This study used an interactive dynamic simulation of action potential to explore social practices of learning among first year undergraduate biology students. It aimed to create a learning environment that fosters knowledge building discourse through working with multiple concept-specific representations. Three hundred and eighty-nine students and twenty-four tutors from different tutorial classes in Queensland, Australia participated in the study. Students were randomly allocated to two experimental groups and a comparison group. In the experimental groups, pairs of students used the interactive simulation to explore action potential. Only one of the experimental groups received instruction that modelled the scientific and visual language conventions of the representations within the simulation. In the comparison group, small groups of students used a traditional paper-based activity. Students across all groups were audio recorded using a think-aloud protocol while completing the group activity. Individual learning gains in the experimental groups and the comparison group were similar. However, the experimental groups showed a significantly greater frequency of knowledge construction discourse that included explanatory answers, evaluations, interpretation, testing and synthesis compared to the comparison group, indicating a deeper understanding of action potential. Analysis of misconceptions on the post-test and tutors' reflections revealed that the experimental group receiving instruction modelling the scientific and visual language conventions around the representations had a better grasp of the terminology associated with the concepts compared with the other groups. The findings suggest that instruction focussing on the language conventions of concept-specific representations fosters the development of disciplinary discourse by transforming students' social practices of working with scientific knowledge. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Foreign Countries; Science Instruction; Case Method (Teaching Technique); Classrooms; Epistemology; Secondary School Teachers; Scientific Principles; Science Curriculum; Science Education; Validity; Tutors; Intervention; Questionnaires; Models; Science History; Philosophy; High School Students; Junior High School Students

Abstract:
For quite some time, many EU and Italian Ministry of Education official documents have warmly suggested the introduction of the history and the philosophy of science in the teaching of science disciplines at school. Accordingly, there is a shared agreement between pedagogists and science historians about the efficacy of this approach towards an understanding of the current curriculum content and the Nature of Science. What is missing, at least in Italy, is a concrete fieldwork in the classroom to show the validity of these declarations. This essay is a report of the experience of introducing history and philosophy of science into junior and senior high school classrooms in Apulia (Italy). The aims of this project are: (a) to build a model of research involving high school teachers and university lecturers in the design and construction of teaching units that use the story of science and epistemology for teaching science and (b) produce evidence that this approach is effective in getting more interest from students in science. We relied on many schools for carrying out the historical-scientific teaching modules. The modules were carried out through the case study approach. In the first phase, the participating teachers were trained by University tutors on the modalities of this particular teaching approach. In the second phase, the teachers carried out the modules in their classes and finally these modules were presented in a conclusive conference. Moreover, we evaluated the efficacy of the intervention through specifically created agreement questionnaires. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Universities; Higher Education; Tutors; Case Studies; Discourse Communities; Intellectual Disciplines

Abstract:
We consider the emergence of "notables" within the disciplines of the modern university, the foremost among whom may be selected to appear on postage stamps. Noting that disciplinary culture is as important as content in university education, we suggest that some knowledge of the identity of these notables, passed on by encultured tutors, should be part of it. We observe that notability means different things to different communities, and may arise by some form of nomination or emergence, and in the latter case case may not coincide with formal lists of prizewinners. We illustrate with two case studies of disciplinary communities being polled for views of who occupies their pantheon. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Factor Analysis; Computer Assisted Instruction; Outcomes of Education; Public Health; Problem Based Learning; Teaching Methods; Electronic Learning; Online Courses; Feedback (Response); Comparative Analysis; Case Studies; Computer Mediated Communication; Longitudinal Studies; Questionnaires; Interviews; Tutors; Statistics; Graduate Students; Masters Programs

Abstract:
This case-study compared traditional, face-to-face classroom-based teaching with asynchronous online learning and teaching methods in two sets of students undertaking a problem-based learning module in the multilevel and exploratory factor analysis of longitudinal data as part of a Masters degree in Public Health at Maastricht University. Students were allocated to one of the two study variants on the basis of their enrolment status as full-time or part-time students. Full-time students (n = 11) followed the classroom-based variant and part-time students (n = 12) followed the online asynchronous variant which included video recorded lectures and a series of asynchronous online group or individual SPSS activities with synchronous tutor feedback. A validated student motivation questionnaire was administered to both groups of students at the start of the study and a second questionnaire was administered at the end of the module. This elicited data about student satisfaction with the module content, teaching and learning methods, and tutor feedback. The module coordinator and problem-based learning tutor were also interviewed about their experience of delivering the experimental online variant and asked to evaluate its success in relation to student attainment of the module's learning outcomes. Student examination results were also compared between the two groups. Asynchronous online teaching and learning methods proved to be an acceptable alternative to classroom-based teaching for both students and staff. Educational outcomes were similar for both groups, but importantly, there was no evidence that the asynchronous online delivery of module content disadvantaged part-time students in comparison to their full-time counterparts. (Contains 1 table.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Refugees; Adult Educators; English (Second Language); Professional Development; Semi Structured Interviews; Professional Education; Case Studies; Tutors; Literacy Education; Adult Literacy; Literacy; Adult Learning; Teacher Certification; Data Collection

Abstract:
In this qualitative case study, we explore local adult educators' preparation to teach refugees, along with their professional development needs. This analysis focuses on 10 tutors and instructors in a midsize Southeastern city. Data collection involved an open-ended questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, and observations; analysis involved open coding, theme generation, data matrices, and participant checking. Findings indicated that most participants had some level of preparation, although the amount and nature of this preparation varied widely; yet, even those with teaching certification felt un- or under-prepared to teach ESL and/or literacy to adult refugees. Participants needed relevant training, opportunities to connect with "people resources", and other supports. We discuss implications for offering ongoing, targeted professional development for adult ESL educators. (Contains 2 tables and 2 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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