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Pub Date: |
2013-00-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Reports - Research |
Peer Reviewed: |
Yes |
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Descriptors:
Adolescents; Housing; Gender Issues; College Students; Sexual Identity; Identification (Psychology); Homosexuality; Dormitories; Space Utilization; Young Adults; Social Attitudes
Abstract:
Traditional on-campus housing assignments at colleges and universities are made on the basis of legal sex, where students are housed only with other students of the same legal sex. This method is problematic for transgender and gender-nonconforming students, who may not identify with the gender assigned to them at birth. Recently, some institutions have begun to offer gender-inclusive housing to better serve the needs of transgender and gender-nonconforming students. Colleges and universities take a variety of approaches in incorporating this housing option, with varying results. The present research asked traditionally college-aged transgender and gender-nonconforming people which types of housing they would most prefer when considering living on a college campus. In all, 103 college-aged adults participated in the survey and revealed that apartment-style housing and self-contained singles were the most preferred among five housing options currently in use at various colleges and universities across the country. Implications for the various options are discussed, as well as support policies to consider when instituting a gender-inclusive housing community. (Contains 2 tables, 2 figures and 1 note.)
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Pub Date: |
2013-00-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Reports - Research |
Peer Reviewed: |
Yes |
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Descriptors:
Educational Environment; Research Methodology; Research Design; Elementary Secondary Education; Educational Research; Technology Uses in Education; Educational Theories; Learning Theories; Models; Social Environment; Class Organization; Classroom Environment; Classroom Design; Interior Space; Space Utilization; Communication Skills
Abstract:
The design research methodology as it has currently developed centers on the creation of "existence proofs," an important first step. What is needed then are the next steps of expanding the methodology to address the design problems of practical implementation prior to the steps involved in scaling up these designs. This article contributes to such an expansion through developing a systematic approach to learning from teachers' enactments of educational models. Design research focused on practical implementations by teachers can create knowledge regarding critical change processes, thus helping to create a theory of trajectories of change, or "implementation paths" (Bielaczyc & Collins, 2006a; Collins, Joseph, & Bielaczyc, 2004). Here I propose using the Social Infrastructure Framework (Bielaczyc, 2006) to analyze the design of classroom social structures by developers and teachers in order to better understand their implications for constructing implementation paths. The analytic technique is exemplified through a case study involving a particular team of teachers who worked over the course of several years to adopt a knowledge-building communities approach (Bereiter, 2002; Scardamalia, 2002; Scardamalia & Bereiter, 1991 1994). The results are used to discuss implications for the methodology of design research. (Contains 2 tables, 9 figures, and 4 footnotes.)
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Pub Date: |
2012-12-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Reports - Research |
Peer Reviewed: |
Yes |
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Descriptors:
Design Requirements; Architecture; Autism; Physical Environment; Foreign Countries; Classroom Design; Expertise; Student Needs; Pervasive Developmental Disorders; Classroom Environment; Guides; Space Utilization; Special Needs Students; Elementary Schools; Educational Technology
Abstract:
Architects and designers have a responsibility to provide an inclusive built environment. However, for those with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the built environment can be a frightening and confusing place, difficult to negotiate and tolerate. The challenge of integrating more fully into society is denied by an alienating built environment. For ASD pupils in a poorly designed school, their environment can distance them from learning. Instead, if more at ease in their surroundings, in an ASD-friendly environment, the ASD pupil stands a greater chance of doing better. However, a difficulty exists in that most architects are not knowledgeable in designing for those with ASD. Any available design guidelines for architects tend, because of the inherent difficulties associated with a spectrum, to be general in their information. Therefore, in order to provide an ASD-friendly learning environment, there is a need to ensure that teachers, as the experts, can most clearly and effectively impart their knowledge and requirements to architects. This article, written by Keith McAllister and Barry Maguire, both from Queen's University Belfast, sets out the challenges and difficulties inherent in the design process when designing for those with ASD. It then sets out an alternative strategy to the usual method of drawing-centric dialogue between teacher and architect by using models instead as a basis for a more common language. An ASD Classroom Design Kit was designed and developed by architecture students at Queen's University Belfast. It was then used by ASD teaching staff from the Southern Education and Library Board in Northern Ireland as a case study to trial its effectiveness. This article outlines how the study was carried out before concluding with reflections by both teaching staff and architect on using the ASD Classroom Design Kit. It is hoped, firstly, that this article will highlight the need for better dialogue between expert and architect when considering ASD and the built environment and, secondly, that it may encourage others to consider using models to convey their ideas and knowledge when designing, not just for ASD, but for other special educational needs and disabilities. (Contains 8 figures.)
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Pub Date: |
2012-08-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Reports - Research |
Peer Reviewed: |
Yes |
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Descriptors:
Design Requirements; Autism; Classroom Environment; Foreign Countries; Classroom Design; Pervasive Developmental Disorders; Young Children; Classroom Techniques; Elementary School Students; Space Utilization
Abstract:
There is a growing consensus that an appropriate classroom environment will aid the performance of the pupil with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There are, however, very few design guidelines available when considering ASD and the school environment. Such guidelines that do exist tend only to be in general terms. Therefore, this article seeks to highlight design considerations specifically for the ASD-friendly Key Stage 1 (age five to eight) classroom. It will first highlight some of the challenges for those with autism spectrum disorder in a school environment and the "triad of challenges" faced by architects and designers when considering ASD-friendly classroom design. It will then go on to describe the findings and results of a two-year study carried out in conjunction with the ASD teaching staff of Northern Ireland's Southern Education and Library Board. These consist of 16 specific design considerations for the Key Stage 1 ASD-friendly classroom applicable to all classrooms for pupils between five and eight years of age. (Contains 7 figures.)
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