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Descriptors:
Social Isolation; Foreign Countries; Qualitative Research; Poverty; One Parent Family; Children; Childhood Attitudes; Social Bias; Interviews; Cross Cultural Studies; Family Environment; Friendship; Parent Child Relationship

Abstract:
This article presents some of the key findings from a comparative, qualitative research study carried out in the United Kingdom, Greece, and Cyprus. The main goal of the study was to investigate single-parent children's experiences and understandings of poverty and social exclusion in their everyday lives and to make relevant policy recommendations. The article highlights children's voices and illustrates the utility of integrating them in efforts to develop sensitive policies which meet their needs as these stem from their own experiences of poverty and social exclusion while also making the case for the utility of comparative, qualitative, cross-national research. (Contains 4 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Drug Addiction; Drug Therapy; Patients; Experience; Social Bias; Stereotypes; Social Discrimination

Abstract:
Experiences of stigma from others among people with a history of drug addiction are understudied in comparison to the strength of stigma associated with drug addiction. Work that has studied these experiences has primarily focused on stigma experienced from healthcare workers specifically even though stigma is often experienced from other sources as well. Because stigma has important implications for the mental health and recovery efforts of people in treatment, it is critical to better understand these experiences of stigma. Therefore, we characterize drug addiction stigma from multiple sources using qualitative methodology to advance understandings of how drug addiction stigma is experienced among methadone maintenance therapy patients and from whom. Results demonstrate that methadone maintenance therapy patients experience prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination from friends and family, coworkers and employers, healthcare workers, and others. Discussion highlights similarities and differences in stigma experienced from these sources. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Higher Education; Student Diversity; Cultural Pluralism; Cultural Awareness; Consciousness Raising; Interpersonal Communication; Social Bias; Perspective Taking; Religion; Individual Differences; Racial Differences; Institutional Role

Abstract:
There are significant concerns about campus relationships, primarily between white students and students of color, but also related to students of different religious backgrounds (e.g., Christian and Muslim). Despite the growing diversity in faculty and student bodies on campus, students could still navigate through college without having to interact in meaningful ways with others of different backgrounds. There are many priorities for colleges and universities to pursue at an institutional level. It may be more important for administrators to prioritize increased diversity in recruitment and retention of students (and faculty) than to take ownership of the challenge of making the experience of campus diversity positive and meaningful. Consequently, campus organizations or even individuals may need to undertake efforts aimed at increased intercultural understanding and interaction. It takes more than diversity of campus populations for individuals to interact in meaningful ways with others of different backgrounds. In this article, the authors share their experience launching a series of campus conversations focused on raising personal awareness and building relationships across difference. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Females; African Americans; Stress Variables; Racial Bias; Social Attitudes; Social Bias; Psychological Patterns; Mental Health; Predictor Variables

Abstract:
The relationship between general life stress, perceived racism, and psychological functioning was explored in a sample of 118 Black American women. Findings indicate that racism-related stress was not a significant predictor of psychological functioning when controlling for general life stress. Perceived racism was positively associated with general life stress. Implications for practice and future research are discussed. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Homosexuality; Phenomenology; Focus Groups; Social Attitudes; Social Behavior; Social Theories; Hermeneutics; Educational Administration; Administrators; Interviews; Fear; Social Bias; Administrator Education; Policy Formation; Anxiety; Emotional Response

Abstract:
Purpose: The article's purpose is to highlight a national qualitative study that generated a model for understanding how society's actions and attitudes affect and inform the lived experiences of lesbian/gay (LG) educational leaders. Research Methods/Approach: Three bodies of literature informed the methods of the study: queer legal theory, critical phenomenology, and poststructural hermeneutics. Seventeen volunteer participants identified as out or closeted LG educational leaders and replied via e-mail (to a safe contact) to a national invitation to participate. To provide anonymity, a virtual laboratory allowed participants to interact anonymously through the use of focus groups, interviews, written responses, and private/public messaging tools. Data analysis was conducted after themes or categories emerged and data was coded and categorized. Findings: The findings culminated in conclusions illustrated in the "Cycles of Fear" model. First, study participants moved from silence to voice and back again, with varying intensity. Second, participants move beyond oppression was extremely difficult. Third, participants conquered fear and oppression, thereby creating gains. Fourth, experiences of fear were integrated into participants' very being--their identity. Fifth, as leaders' strength/visibility increased, society's homophobic fears created increased intolerance and hostility. Finally, when a new fear cycle began, the leaders became stronger and more resilient. Implications for Research and Practice: The discussions, conclusions, and the model drawn from this study's findings are instructive for (a) LG educational leaders who have had very little support in their professional and personal lives, (b) leadership preparation programs/professors that/who in the past have ignored this populations' existence and oppression, (c) policy makers, and (d) further research--the model can serve as a data analysis tool for future studies, and the anonymous research design could be duplicated to lower the risk for LGBT participants. (Contains 1 table, 1 figure, and 9 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Association Measures; Correlation; Mexican Americans; Racial Bias; Spanish; English; Family Relationship; Scores; Acculturation; Physical Characteristics; Validity; Social Bias

Abstract:
Implicit race/ethnic prejudice was assessed using Spanish- and English-language versions of an Implicit Association Test that used Hispanic/Anglo first names and pleasant/unpleasant words as stimuli. This test was administered to a consecutive sample of Mexican American adults residing in the Rio Grande Valley region of Texas of whom about two-thirds chose to be tested in English and one-third preferred Spanish. Participants were mostly female (73%) with a mean age of 32 years and mean education of 13 years. Among 83 participants, 43% demonstrated in-group implicit prejudice while 26% showed out-group implicit prejudice toward Anglos. There was a significant negative correlation between family values (familism and filial piety) and implicit race/ethnic prejudice scores but no significant association was found between implicit race/ethnic prejudice scores and acculturation or skin tone. Results contribute to the ongoing controversy regarding the validity of implicit race/ethnic prejudice, supporting the concept that societal not individual prejudices are being measured. (Contains 1 table.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Student Attitudes; Physical Disabilities; Negative Attitudes; Anxiety; Attitudes toward Disabilities; High School Students; Predictor Variables; Social Status; Peer Relationship; Social Bias

Abstract:
The aim of this work was to study attitudes toward people with disabilities from the viewpoint of the integrated threat theory of prejudice. This theory postulates that threat may cause negative attitudes toward a group and posits that such threat may come from different sources. To test this model, a study was carried out with high school students (N = 228), which included social dominance orientation (SDO) as antecedent variable. Perceived threat for resources and intergroup anxiety were the mediating threats investigated in this process. Results showed support for the theory: Perceived threat for resources and intergroup anxiety seemed to be effective mediators. SDO also appeared as a potent antecedent predictor of attitudes toward people with physical disabilities. (Contains 3 tables, 1 figure, and 1 note.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Immigrants; Documentaries; Immigration; Whites; Racial Differences; Social Attitudes; Rhetoric; Affective Behavior; Emotional Response; Civil Rights; Identification (Psychology); Social Bias

Abstract:
Political advocates on the ideological right have long taken seriously what their counterparts on the left have not: white racialized affect. As left activists and scholars have alternately lamented and raged over the steady creep of the "middle" to the "right," they have documented in detail the outcomes of whites' refusal to engage in "genuine" racial atonement. I argue in this essay that there is still much to be gained critically, theoretically, and politically by taking collective, rhetorical production of white affect, particularly the retrieval of immigrant pain, as seriously as those who manipulate it. Key to that construction in the past two decades has been the archival and circulation of "the immigrant experience" in popular documentary films featuring Ellis Island. The success of "white rights" rhetorics owes much to equating and substituting that story for the mythos of "the nation of immigrants" as a whole. (Contains 75 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Females; Validity; Homosexuality; College Athletics; Expertise; Construct Validity; Social Bias; Questionnaires; Measurement; Negative Attitudes; Sexual Orientation; Sexual Identity; Factor Analysis; Content Validity; Likert Scales; College Students

Abstract:
Homophobia and heterosexism in women's athletics have been studied extensively using a qualitative approach. Limited research from a quantitative approach has been conducted in the area and none with a sport-specific instrument. The purpose of the current study was to develop a valid and reliable questionnaire to measure heterosexist attitudes in women's collegiate athletics based on the tripartite model of attitudes (Zanna & Rempel, 1988). A panel of experts analyzed a pool of 40 items for item-content related validity. Two samples of collegiate female athletes completed the second and third versions of the Heterosexist Attitudes in Sport-Lesbian questionnaire. Initial evidence of construct validity was found for a 14-item measure of heterosexist attitudes with four subscales: (1) Cognitive/Affective, (2) Language Behaviors, (3) Inclusion Behaviors, and (4) Avoidance of the Lesbian Label. Composite reliability of the four subscales ranged from 0.64 to 0.84. (Contains 4 tables and 2 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Research Methodology; College Environment; Undergraduate Students; Sexual Harassment; Racial Relations; Social Bias; Social Theories; Feminism; Ethnicity; Racial Differences; Gender Differences; Racial Bias

Abstract:
In this conceptual paper, the authors discuss how research about sexual harassment and campus racial climates for undergraduate students is relegated to separate silos. Drawing on intersectionality and critical race feminist frameworks, the authors juxtapose these strands of research with attention to ethnicity/race and gender, highlighting how sexual harassment and racial climate research both aim to promote positive college environments, but with notably different approaches. The authors call for an intersectional approach that appreciates both sexual harassment as well as the racial climate, concluding with recommendations for incorporating both strands of literature into research on educational environments. (Contains 2 tables and 4 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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