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Descriptors:
Higher Education; Stakeholders; Teacher Education; Foreign Countries; Budgets; Retrenchment; Economic Climate; Universities; Online Surveys; Comparative Analysis; Decision Making; Educational Policy; Educational Change

Abstract:
Background: Budgets for teacher education programmes have been substantially reduced as a result of the global economic crisis. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the teacher education budget cutting processes and procedures for universities in Romania versus one university in the United States. Sample: The data were collected from six Romanian universities that all have teacher education programmes. These universities represent the range of higher education quality in the country as indicated by their publication rates. Data from these universities were compared with those from the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR). UNR is the flagship university in the Nevada System of Higher Education, and Nevada has been harder hit by the recent global economic crisis than any other state in the United States and cuts to teacher education there have been substantial. Design and methods: Data about the budget cutting processes and decisions in the teacher education programmes of six Romanian universities were collected through an electronic survey. These data were compared with the processes and decisions made at the UNR. Results: The budget cutting processes in Romania were less transparent, and involved less input from stakeholders such as faculty and staff. Most decisions were made at a higher level of authority in Romania, and cuts in Romania were more likely to be across the board rather than more strategically targeted as they were in Nevada. Conclusions: These differences are discussed in terms of the historical legacy of structures and policies in Romania, and the resistance to reform inherent in those structures and policies. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Liberal Arts; Single Sex Colleges; Educational Change; Tuition; Loan Repayment; Budgets; Money Management; Males; College Admission; Student Attitudes; Alumni; Coeducation; Educational Trends; Retrenchment

Abstract:
Armed with data and projections about budgets and future enrollments, Wilson College, in Pennsylvania, considers a slew of changes, including men. Among other changes, the board approved cutting tuition by $5,000, starting a high-profile loan-buyback program, creating new offerings in the health sciences and other career-oriented disciplines, and consolidating some existing programs. The goal: 1,500 students and a deficit-free budget by 2020. Some alumnae and students, however, insist that the Wilson they love will die unless the trustees rescind a vote approving the most controversial of the commission's recommendations: that the 144-year-old college admit men as full-time undergraduates. Although Wilson has welcomed men to its adult-degree and graduate programs for years, the decision to make the undergraduate college coed has provoked howls of protest and vigils outside of board meetings. But the changes are also attempts to respond to trends buffeting liberal-arts colleges everywhere. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Budgeting; Educational Improvement; Children; Budgets; Retrenchment; Health Services; Education; Well Being; Elementary Secondary Education; School Funds; Funding Formulas; Patients; Child Health

Abstract:
For the first time in many years, the Administration's proposed state budget does not project a deficit. Painful budget cutting in recent years combined with voters passing Proposition 30 in November to generate revenues finally have put California on more stable fiscal ground. However, it is critical to recognize that kids have borne a disproportionate share of the cuts over time, and these cuts go largely unrestored in the 2013-2014 state budget proposal. As a result, all Californians will continue to pay for the long-term consequences of underinvesting in children's health, education, and overall well-being. This paper details these and other ways the January state budget proposal impacts kids. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Foreign Countries; Multilingualism; Language Planning; Official Languages; Public Support; Public Policy; Politics; Economic Climate; Budgets; Retrenchment; Meetings; Translation

Abstract:
This article examines the politics of policies promoting multilingualism in the European Union (EU), specifically in light of the recently released European Union Civil Society Platform on Multilingualism. As the most far-reaching and ambitious policy document issued by the European Commission, the Platform warrants close scrutiny at a significant moment when multilingualism seemed poised to become a policy field in its own right. This is an extremely important move given the fact that language policy has been politically untouchable at inter-governmental level and there is to date no coherent legally binding language policy either at the level of EU institutions or in member-states. I raise the question of whether the situation is likely to change in response to the Platform at a time when public support for European integration has been waning and the economic crisis surrounding the euro poses a new threat to the EU. The current austerity climate makes multilingual policy an easy target for budget cuts as evidenced in the European Parliament's recent removal of the requirement to translate its plenary sessions into all 23 official languages. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Educational Improvement; Educational Change; Early Childhood Education; Presidents; Federal Legislation; Education; Federal Government; Budgeting; Retrenchment; Job Layoff

Abstract:
This election season, "Forward" was the watch-word of President Barack Obama's campaign. During the election battle, it stood for moving ahead with four more years of his leadership, and for the future-focused thinking the president espoused as a candidate. But what does "forward" mean for President Obama's second term in office as far as education is concerned? What changes and challenges can we expect in 2013 and beyond? During Obama's first term, his educational agenda was marked by serious plans to improve the nation's schools through signature reforms. Ambitious competitive programs were introduced, and many new dollars went to education through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, Race to the Top, Investing in Innovation (i3), and School Improvement Grants. All these measures were aimed at getting students to be college- and career-ready, to create great teachers and leaders, and to turn around low-performing schools. There has also been a continuing emphasis on the important role of early childhood education and STEM. In this article, the author talks about education in Obama's second term and presents some specific challenges that will need to be addressed. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Educational Finance; Public Colleges; Private Colleges; Community Colleges; Economic Climate; Accountability; Budgeting; Retrenchment; Graduation Rate; Tuition; Student Financial Aid; Educational Facilities Improvement; School Maintenance; School Buildings; State Aid; Private Financial Support; Endowment Funds; Salaries

Abstract:
With tax revenues beginning to rebound in most states and endowments on the rebound at many private and public institutions, colleges and universities are growing more hopeful about their financial outlook and instituting new strategies to take advantage of the opportunities. Yet as the economic recovery has slowed in the past few months, questions remain about the lingering effects of the recession and whether colleges need to be held to a more stringent level of accountability. On the whole, college finances have recovered slightly after several years of budget cuts, layoffs, and furloughs. As money flows toward colleges once again, so do demands that they prove they are providing value, and well-trained graduates. In this uncertain climate, legislators and accreditors are focusing more and more on completion rates as a quantitative measure of an institution's success. College retention and graduation have been central to President Obama's education policy, and states are increasingly focusing on these two issues by directly linking state appropriations to completion rates. Despite the challenges, the recent success of fund-raising programs and the slow but steady growth in the economy has allowed states and universities to develop new, innovative ways to manage their money and better serve their students. Colleges and universities are also trying to develop better measures to judge how they distribute aid. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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College Credits; Adult Students; Correctional Education; Vocational Education; Best Practices; Correctional Institutions; Postsecondary Education; Barriers; Educational Needs; Retrenchment; Financial Problems; Community Benefits; Educational Benefits; College Preparation

Abstract:
Postsecondary programs offering vocational training and college credit to eligible inmates have had difficulty finding a place in the U.S. correctional system. Politically motivated restrictions preventing inmates from receiving federal funds for college resulted in drastic program closures. Although new laws restored funding to select inmates, enrollment in postsecondary correctional education only recently reached pre-cutback levels (established in the late 1980s). This is set in contrast to the significant increases in U.S. prison populations and spending that have occurred since the early 1990s. Contextual issues specific to the correctional system and ideological conflicts between the prison educator and prison staff may further impair enrollment and program completion. Through review of the political and contextual issues influencing the modern design of postsecondary prison education, this work seeks to propose best practices that may support the unique learning needs of the adult learner in the correctional system. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Community Colleges; Budgeting; Retrenchment; Employment; Rural Areas; Counties; Expenditures; Trend Analysis; Evidence; Educational Finance; Multivariate Analysis; Federal Aid; State Aid; Resource Allocation

Abstract:
In the decades following World War II, a significant expansion of community colleges occurred throughout the United States. As the baby boom generation came of age, demand for higher education spiked, and policy makers allocated the requisite funding to expand institutions of higher education. This expansion, including vigorous funding from federal, state, and local units of government, was politically popular. This openhanded support ended in the latter decades of the twentieth century as hostility to paying taxes and to public spending mounted. In recent decades, community colleges have competed with other social expenditures, such as prisons and health care demands, for scarce public resources. And, in a number of states, community colleges have fared poorly in this competition. Using multivariate analyses and data gathered from several sources, including the American Association of Community Colleges, the authors examine the impacts of community colleges on local employment trends. Their research focuses on rural counties over four time periods between 1976 and 2004. This focus is important, as rural areas have faced severe and chronic economic decline over the study period. Their research (specifically for the 1976-1983 and 1991-1997 panels) provides evidence that established community colleges made a significant contribution to employment growth. However, for the most recent panel (i.e., 1998-2004), the coefficient for community colleges is negative. An examination of the interaction between community colleges and states' fiscal contexts provides evidence that this decline may be the result of states cutting back their funding levels for community colleges. (Contains 6 notes, 2 figures, and 3 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Humanities; Role; Values; Teaching Methods; Budgets; Retrenchment; Theory Practice Relationship

Abstract:
This article raises a number of questions that the author believes need to be addressed in order to defend and justify the teaching and practice of the humanities in an age when they continue to face swingeing cuts and unreasoned attacks from many quarters, both inside and outside the Academy. They are questions that have to do with the uniqueness of the humanities, its role in teaching values, the objectives of research, the connection between research and teaching, the value of an education in the humanities for society overall, and the ways in which humanists can play a useful public role. In sum, the author advocates for a coherent justification for what the humanities, plain and simple, are (or is). (Contains 5 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Public Libraries; Academic Libraries; School Libraries; Special Libraries; Expenditures; Operating Expenses; Resource Allocation; Program Budgeting; Trend Analysis; Library Administration; Comparative Analysis; Needs Assessment; Educational Policy; Educational Finance; Financial Policy; Retrenchment

Abstract:
This study compares the overall spending trends and patterns of growth of Academic Libraries with Public Libraries, K-12 schools, higher education institutions, and hospitals in the period of 1998 to 2008. Academic Libraries, while showing a growth of 13% over inflation for the period, far underperformed the growth of the other public institutions in the study. Academic Libraries lost nearly 25% of their share of higher education total spending, suggesting a shift in higher education priorities. Academic and Public Libraries are shown to have very different investment and spending priorities with Academic Libraries as a group reducing staff and investing in their collections, while Public Libraries have expanded their staff and services significantly, but not collections. Patterns of spending and investment differ markedly for Academic Libraries by size of institution, while size of library or community is not a differentiating determinant for staff or services growth. (Contains 7 figures and 6 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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