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Descriptors:
Technical Education; Plumbing; Service Occupations; Semi Structured Interviews; Vocational Education; Youth

Abstract:
The article examines how professionals within technical businesses describe their ways into their trade and why they have remained. Semi-structured interviews, analyzed by analysis of narratives, have been conducted with six informants within pipefitting and industrial work aiming to understand how technically oriented professions can attract young potentials into the field. The results from the study are thus a contribution within the field of vocational education, in order to understand why youths should consider to study the Energy Programme or the Industry Programme at upper secondary school. The results show that factors that influence people to start working within technically oriented trades are: (1) to use your hands to screw things together, (2) to get an income and (3) if relatives work in the branch. Based on the study it is not obvious to young people what they want to do when they have graduated. But the study also shows that even though the choice of careers is not obvious from the beginning people who chose the field of pipefitting or industry remain for many years. This implies that programmes for recruitment could use the advantages shown in this study for arguments to increase the amount of students who chose the technically oriented educations. The reasons for staying in the professions are: (1) variation and freedom, (2) creativity and influence and (3) you get to work with your hands. This significant content within the technically oriented trades contribute with specific arguments for promotion of the plumbing and industrial work in particular and also for the technical trades and technical education in general. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Public Health; Biological Sciences; Microbiology; Child Health; Guides; Hygiene; Sanitation; Glossaries; Resources; Hazardous Materials; School Safety; School Buildings; School Maintenance; Sanitary Facilities; Plumbing; Communicable Diseases; Poisoning; Toxicology; Risk Assessment; Risk Management; Educational Policy; Occupational Safety and Health; Federal Legislation; Federal Regulation; State Regulation; Check Lists; Guidelines

Abstract:
Sanitizers and disinfectants can play an important role in protecting public health. They are designed to kill "pests," including infectious germs and other microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Unfortunately, sanitizers and disinfectants also contain chemicals that are "pesticides." Exposure to persistent toxic chemicals in pesticides can cause serious health problems. Healthy Schools Network, Inc. (HSN) recommends schools follow all public health laws and regulations regarding the use of sanitizers and disinfectants in schools, and proceed with extreme caution when using any chemicals around children or staff. If the law does not require a chemical use, schools should conduct a thorough analysis of the potential risk of introducing another chemical cleaning product into the school environment. The purpose of this Guide is to provide basic information about the use of sanitizers and disinfectants. A glossary and a list of sources and resources are included. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Higher Education; School Administration; Conservation (Environment); Energy Management; Cost Effectiveness; College Housing; Energy; Plumbing

Abstract:
James Madison University (JMU) in Harrisonburg, Virginia has embarked on a rational means to reduce energy costs and provides a sustainable approach to student housing. The investment to install a Drain Water Heat Recovery system (DWHR) at Wayland Hall is estimated to pay for itself in less than three years but will provide dividends for over 40. The DWHR system is essentially a double-walled heat exchanger that takes the already heated water used for showers (or other processes) and recaptures that heat before it goes down the drain. The type L copper unit is installed in the drain stack and as incoming cold water is introduced, it is preheated by the drain water. The Power Pipe extracts the shower water heat and preheats the incoming replacement cold water, which is introduced in a 1-inch pipe that connects to a rectangular copper tube that surrounds the drain pipe. This creates a counter flow arrangement to maximize heat exchange efficiency and surface contact to produce a 63 percent efficiency rating for this unit. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
School Maintenance; Educational Facilities Design; Technology Integration; Hygiene; Energy Conservation; Plumbing; Sanitary Facilities; Water

Abstract:
The influx of technology has brought significant improvements to school facilities. Many of those advancements can be found in classrooms, but when students head down the hall to use the washrooms, they are likely to find a host of technological innovations that have improved conditions in that part of the building. This article describes modern washroom equipment, as well as the systems and devices used by maintenance workers, which enable schools and universities to provide washrooms that expose users to fewer germs, that conserve water and use energy more efficiently, and that clean surfaces more effectively. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Studio Art; Art Activities; Freehand Drawing; Color; Middle School Students; Plumbing

Abstract:
The author is blessed with having the water pipes for the school system in her office. In this article, the author describes how the breaking of the pipes had led to a very worthwhile art experience for her students. They practiced contour and shaded drawing techniques, reviewed patterns and color theory, and used their reasoning skills--all while getting a mini-lesson in plumbing.

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Apprenticeships; Plumbing; Electrical Occupations; Operating Expenses; Cost Effectiveness; Operations Research; Demonstrations (Educational); Foreign Countries; Training; Occupational Surveys

Abstract:
This report examines the costs that both employers and apprentices incur for undertaking training in the plumbing and electrical industries. The importance of understanding costs is fundamental. Employers will not take on apprentices if the cost is too high, and prospective apprentices will not undertake an apprenticeship if the future benefits (increased wages) do not outweigh the immediate costs to them. The research found that the apprenticeship model involves a substantial financial commitment from employers, and apprenticeships are more attractive to young people and will remain unattractive to older people, unless the premium paid to qualified tradespeople is substantial. Appendices include: (1) Details of case studies; and (2) Data collection sheets. (Contains 19 tables, 6 figures, and 5 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Plumbing; Sanitary Facilities; Instrumentation; Technology Integration; Natural Resources; Efficiency; Comparative Analysis

Abstract:
The plumbing products most appropriate for a high-end hotel or executive restroom will differ from those most suited for school and university restrooms, where large numbers of boisterous students may charge through the doors all day long. However, installing plumbing that can stand up to rough-and-tough student use does not have to compromise efforts to save water. In fact, two plumbing technologies, originally designed to solve problems common in high-use/high-abuse restrooms, also enable schools and universities to use water more efficiently. These plumbing technologies--high-use flush modes for urinal flushometers and monitored control systems--can be used in conjunction with other plumbing products to substantially reduce restroom water use. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Foreign Countries; Service Occupations; Plumbing; Course Descriptions; Apprenticeships; Program Descriptions; Training; Industry; Training Methods; Safety; Certification; Educational Policy; State Policy; Public Agencies; Building Trades; Technical Education; Technical Institutes; College Instruction; Postsecondary Education; Curriculum Design

Abstract:
The graduate of the Steamfitter-Pipefitter apprenticeship program is a certified journeyperson who will be able to: (1) install and maintain high pressure and low-pressure steam and hot liquid systems, including various process and industrial systems; (2) fabricate, join and install any pipe system used for various purposes in buildings, using any type of pipe including steel, alloy, cast iron, copper or plastic, etc.; (3) comply with rules and codes governing installations; (4) read and interpret plans, specifications and working drawings and prepare layouts; (5) be proficient with the safe use of hand and power tools and equipment; (6) calculate material quantities and compile materials lists; (7) install components according to specifications and assume responsibility for the end product; (8) relate to job situations and other trades that precede or follow; and (9) perform assigned tasks in accordance with quality and production standards required by industry. Requirements for certification--including the content and delivery of technical training--are developed and updated by the Alberta Apprenticeship and Industry Training Board on the recommendation of Steamfitter-Pipefitter Provincial Apprenticeship Committee. This course outline contains the following sections: (1) First Period Technical Training; (2) Second Period Technical Training; and (3) Third Period Technical Training. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Sciences; Plumbing; Drafting; Computer Assisted Design; Research Projects; Equipment; Biomedicine; Facilities Management

Abstract:
The scale of the mechanical and plumbing systems required to support a large, multi-building academic health sciences/research center entails a lot of ductwork. Getting mechanical systems installed and running while carrying out activities from other building disciplines requires a great deal of coordinated effort. A university and its facilities-management team should be sure that the project team is employing the technology, communication and coordination strategies needed to get the job done right. Advances in 3-D computer-aided drafting technology have made it possible for mechanical contractors to identify architectural, structural and other issues that could create conflicts. This article describes how a project in mechanical systems design can be undertaken through the help of computer-aided drafting technology. The author also describes the elements involved in the successful installation and maintenance of mechanical systems. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Maintenance; Females; Course Content; Vocational Education; Plumbing; Labor Force; Correctional Institutions; Correctional Education; Institutionalized Persons; Recidivism; Sex Stereotypes; Equal Opportunities (Jobs); Student Attitudes; Cooperative Learning; Self Esteem

Abstract:
Vocational education programs show promise for reducing recidivism, measured most typically through re-arrest and re-incarceration data, among adult offenders. Yet, such programs for women in U.S. correctional facilities have more often provided training in gender-stereotyped and lower-paid professions when compared to vocational programs in men's facilities. As the number of incarcerated women continues to climb, programs that help women develop marketable skills that will enable them to support their children upon release and overcome the economic marginalization that is so closely tied to offending is important for both the women and society. This paper describes a 16-hour, pre-plumbing program, designed to prepare individuals for basic plumbing maintenance in settings such as hotels and hospitals, taught by a plumber, to seven groups of women (N = 60) from four different county correctional facilities in New York State. The program incorporates hands-on work and evaluation, and emphasizes collaboration, a positive attitude, and confidence building, qualities necessary in the work force and to women's self-esteem. Across all groups, the mean gain on an 100 point post-test assessing understanding and mastery of course concepts was 32 points (SD = 18), a statistically significant difference. Lessons learned and suggestions for future research and program and policy reform are also described in the paper. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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