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2003-04-09 |
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Reports - Research |
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Blacks; Educational Environment; Elementary Education; Environmental Influences; Hispanic Americans; Indoor Air Pollution; Limited English Speaking; Low Income Groups; Pesticides; Racial Differences; Smoking
Abstract:
The School Health Initiative: Environment, Learning, and Disease (SHIELD) study examined children's exposure to complex mixtures of environmental agents (i.e., volatile organic chemicals, environmental tobacco smoke, allergens, bioaerosols, metals, and pesticides). Environmental, personal, and biological data were collected on ethnically and linguistically diverse children in grades 2-5 from two Minneapolis, Minnesota, elementary schools. The enrollment rate for English-speaking, predominantly African American families was 42 percent, compared to 71 percent for non-English-speaking families (predominantly Somali and Hispanic). Most SHIELD households were low income, and 44 percent had no occupant with a high school degree or equivalent. These preliminary results indicated that there were ethnic/racial differences in exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in two economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. African American children tended to have the highest exposure, and Hispanic and Somali children had the lowest exposure. Both the baseline questionnaire and time-activity log did a reasonably good job of predicting urine total cotinine levels. Measured urine total cotinine levels were relatively good predictors of urinary NNAL+ NNAL-Gluc. Temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide levels were comparable inside an older and newer elementary school. Differences were noted on several of the measures by race or language group. (SM)
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Pub Date: |
2003-04-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Reports - Evaluative |
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Adult Farmer Education; Agricultural Production; Agriculture; Behavior Change; Curriculum Development; Farmers; Foreign Countries; Information Dissemination; Information Transfer; Information Utilization; Outcomes of Education; Pesticides; Pests; Program Effectiveness; Program Evaluation; Rural Extension; Student Participation; Technology Transfer; Theory Practice Relationship; Transfer of Training
Abstract:
A study evaluated the impact of Farmer Field Schools in Indonesia, an intensive participatory training program emphasizing integrated pest management. Focus was on whether program participation improved yields and reduced pesticide use among graduates and neighbors who gained knowledge through informal communications. It used a modified "difference-in-differences" approach to evaluate program impacts with a panel household survey. Data were from 1991-99 on field school graduates and other farmers. Analysis indicated the program did not have significant impacts on performance of graduates and neighbors. Plausible explanations were the following: (1) even if graduates gained knowledge that could over time be reflected in improved performance, change was small and could not be detected; (2) gains that could be achieved through training may have been small to begin with and may have been offset by systemic factors (soil fertility, increased plant diseases, and climate trends) causing yield declines; (3) knowledge gained was complex; and (4) the quality of knowledge achieved may have been affected by untimely transfers of funds. Recommended improvements were to focus training on highest priority topics; simplify presentation to increase the likelihood and speed of diffusion of new knowledge; and shorten training length by narrowing and prioritizing the curriculum. (Appendixes include 38 references, econometrics appendix, and 17 endnotes.) (YLB)
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Pub Date: |
2003-04-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Guides - Non-Classroom |
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Descriptors:
Child Health; Educational Facilities; Hazardous Materials; Pesticides; Program Implementation; School Safety; State Programs
Abstract:
Integrated pest management (IPM) is a program of prevention, monitoring, and control that offers the opportunity to eliminate or drastically reduce hazardous pesticide use. IPM is intended to establish a program that uses cultural, mechanical, biological, and other non-toxic practices, and only introduces least-hazardous chemicals as a last resort, if at all. This publication is intended to inform school community members and activists, policy decision makers, and pest management practitioners, all of whom play critical roles in getting schools to implement effective IPM programs. The report provides comprehensive details of IPM programs by: (1) explaining what an IPM program is and why it is necessary; (2) highlighting 27 school districts and individual school IPM policies and programs; and (3) outlining the basic steps to getting a school IPM program adopted. (EV)
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Pub Date: |
2002-00-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Reports - Descriptive |
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Child Health; Pesticides; School Districts; School Safety; School Surveys; State Legislation
Abstract:
This report documents school districts that have adopted safer pest management policies, such as integrated pest management (IPM), in response to state requirements or as a voluntary measure that exceeds state law. It also documents the state of local school pest management policies and illustrates the opportunities that exist for better protection of children from pesticides in localities throughout the country. Includes a table listing school districts covered by state laws or voluntary policies. (EV)
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Pub Date: |
2002-00-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Reports - Evaluative |
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Descriptors:
Child Health; Compliance (Legal); Pesticides; School Safety; School Surveys
Abstract:
This progress report investigated two key questions regarding the Healthy Schools Act and pesticide use in California's schools. First, has the act reduced overall pesticide use in California's largest school districts? Second, having had a year to come into compliance, are surveyed districts meeting their responsibilities? Based on a survey of school districts, the report concludes that highly toxic pesticides are still common in California schools, that some changes in pest management practices are occurring, that there is inconsistent compliance with the act, and that school districts should adopt strong integrated pest management policies. The report concludes with recommendations. (Appendices include scorecards for several school districts, pesticides and active ingredients used by district, hazards of pesticide active ingredients used, toxicity categories, resources for further action, and methodology.) (EV)
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Pub Date: |
2002-00-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Guides - Non-Classroom |
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Descriptors:
Educational Facilities Improvement; Environmental Standards; Pesticides; Physical Environment; School Buildings; Ventilation
Abstract:
This document consists of a collection of fact sheets about the use of pesticides in schools and how to reduce it. The sheets are: (1) "Alternatives to Using Pesticides in Schools: What Is Integrated Pest Management?"; (2) "Health Effects of 48 Commonly Used Pesticides in Schools"; (3) "The Schooling of State Pesticide Laws--2002 Update: A Review of State Pesticide Laws Regarding Schools" (Kagan Owens and Jay Feldman); (4) "Ten Myths behind Pesticide-Dependent Pest Management in Schools"; and (5) "Schools Save Money with Integrated Pest Management." (EV)
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Pub Date: |
2002-04-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Guides - Non-Classroom |
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Descriptors:
Child Health; Hazardous Materials; Pesticides; Pests; School Buildings
Abstract:
This publication is a compilation of original and republished materials from numerous individuals and organizations working on pesticide reform and integrated pest management (IPM)--using alternatives to prevailing chemical-intensive practices. The manual provides comprehensive information on implementing school IPM, including a practical guide to identifying, preventing, and controlling common school pest problems. It is designed for individuals who are responsible for school pest management. It includes information on why schools should adopt IPM programs, how to develop and implement a program, pest management strategies for structural pests, school IPM experts, a model policy and contract, a non- and least-toxic product guide, and fact sheets on the toxicity of commonly used pesticides in schools. (EV)
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