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Descriptors:
Experiential Learning; Educational Gerontology; Benchmarking; Graduate Study; Graduate Students; Professional Identity; Aging (Individuals); Prediction; Gerontology; Professional Associations; Graduates; Age; Job Satisfaction; Occupational Mobility; Career Development

Abstract:
Graduate education in gerontology has an essential role in providing the foundational knowledge required to work with a diverse aging population. It can also play an essential role in promoting best-practice approaches for the development of professional identity as a gerontologist. The primary goal of this study was to determine what factors predict the professional identity and career path of gerontologists. In addition, the study explored how experiential learning influenced professional identity for newcomers to the field and for those experienced in an aging-related field ("professional incumbents"). Graduates (N = 146) of Association for Gerontology in Higher Education-affiliated graduate programs participated. Professional identity as a gerontologist was predicted by length of time in the field, age, satisfaction with coworkers, and satisfaction with opportunities for advancement. Experiential learning contributed to professional identity in important but different ways for newcomers to the field and for professional incumbents. The inclusion of an academic/experiential learning model within graduate gerontology programs promotes the development of professional identity and career path for all graduate students. (Contains 7 tables and 2 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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African Americans; Civil Rights; Race; Occupational Mobility; Private Sector; Privatization; Public Sector; Governance; Social Change; Work Environment; Males; Racial Differences; Income; Disadvantaged; Equal Opportunities (Jobs)

Abstract:
New "governance" reforms entailing shifts toward privatization have permeated the public sector over the last decade, possibly affecting workplace-based attainments. We examine the consequences of this reform for African American men, who during the civil rights era reached relative parity with whites. We analyze race-based inequities on one socioeconomic outcome-downward occupational mobility-among professionals, managers and executives. Results from a Panel Study of Income Dynamics sample indicate that the "new government business model," characterized by increased employer discretion has disproportionately disadvantaged African Americans. Narrower racial gaps in the incidence, determinants and timing of downward mobility found in the public sector, relative to the private sector, during the pre-reform period (1985-90) eroded during the reform period (2002-07) because of widening racial gaps in the public sector. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Research; Employment Opportunities; Occupational Mobility; Labor Turnover; Career Development; Geographic Location; Persistence; Personality Traits; Information Dissemination; Productivity

Abstract:
This paper analyzes the impact of academic inbreeding in relation to academic research, and proposes a new conceptual framework for its analysis. We find that mobility (or lack of) at the early research career stage is decisive in influencing academic behaviors and scientific productivity. Less mobile academics have more inward oriented information exchange dynamics and lower scientific productivity. The analysis also indicates that the information exchange and scientific productivity of academics that changed institutions only once do not differ substantially from that of "mobile inbred academics". This emphasizes the need for mobility throughout scientific and academic careers and calls for policies to curtail academic inbreeding. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Adults; Careers; Success; Occupational Mobility; Promotion (Occupational); Salaries; Human Capital; Self Evaluation (Individuals); Job Satisfaction; Gender Differences; Economic Climate

Abstract:
We use a sample of working adults (N = 638) to explore the effects of past objective career success (mobility, promotions, and salary change) on current subjective success (human capital assessments by one's managers, core self evaluations, satisfaction with one's career) by gender, across an economic cycle (2004-2011), controlling for career stage. Results support a strong influence of past promotions, and less so for salary changes, on subjective career success. These effects were stronger for men and during the economic contraction, with managers being affected in their assessments based on the employees' past promotions. In contrast, past job mobility did "not" relate to subjective career success for either gender in periods of economic expansion or contraction. Evidence for an interactive perspective of career success whereby past objective success affects current subjective success is presented, as well as potential implications of the findings. (Contains 2 tables and 1 figure.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Employed Women; Occupational Mobility; Health; Comparative Analysis; Measures (Individuals); Longitudinal Studies; Regression (Statistics); Indexes; Socioeconomic Status; Prediction; Adults

Abstract:
Occupational mobility is highly valued in American society, but is it consequential to women's health? Previous studies have yielded inconsistent results, but most measured occupational mobility by identifying transitions across occupational categories. Drawing from cumulative inequality theory, this study (1) compares objective and subjective measures of work trajectories and (2) examines the contributions of each to self-rated health. With 36 years of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Mature Women (1967-2003), growth curve models are used to estimate the effects of middle-aged work trajectories on health among 2,503 U.S. women. Work trajectories as measured by the Duncan Socioeconomic Index predict health, but not after adjustment for perceived work trajectories and status characteristics. The findings reveal that subjective measures of occupational mobility provide important information for assessing health consequences of work transitions and that downward occupational mobility in middle age is deleterious to women's health in later life. (Contains 4 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Hispanic Americans; Immigrants; Spanish Speaking; Employment Patterns; Occupational Mobility; Wages

Abstract:
Does the concentration of recent Latino immigrants into "occupational linguistic niches"--occupations with large numbers of other Spanish speakers--restrict their wage growth? On the one hand, it is possible that Latino immigrants who are concentrated in jobs with large numbers of Spanish speakers may have less on-the-job exposure to English, which may isolate them socially and linguistically and limit their subsequent economic mobility. On the other hand, working in linguistic niches can also be beneficial for upwardly mobile immigrants if it allows them to gain a foothold in the United States while they improve their English skills and develop labor market experience. Using data from the 1996, 2001 and 2004 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), we test for the effect of working in occupational linguistic niches on wages and wage growth. The results show that while workers in linguistic niche occupations earn lower wages on average, they do not experience lower rates of wage growth over time. Moreover, we find that about 20 percent of workers who start the 4-year SIPP panel in linguistic niches experience occupational mobility that reduces the percentage of workers speaking Spanish in their occupation by over 10 percent over the course of the study, and these "movers" have higher levels of wage growth than other workers in the sample. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Occupational Mobility; Employment Potential; Career Development; College Graduates; Business Administration Education; Foreign Countries; Cohort Analysis; Longitudinal Studies

Abstract:
The "new" career, most notably the boundaryless career, is associated with high career mobility, which is in turn associated with employability and career success of individuals. The current study examined how frequency, form (organisational, horizontal or vertical) and impact (objective career success) of career transitions have changed across two cohorts of Austrian business graduates (1970 and 1990) throughout the first 15 years of their careers (n=291). Data for the study were collected by way of standardised questionnaires; participants' career transitions (n=807) were plotted based on curriculum-vitae type lists of their successive jobs. This research examined two assumptions: (1) that careers have become more turbulent and complex and (2) that this is generally a positive evolution for individuals. Results indicate that overly dramatic claims about the "death" of the traditional-organisational career need to be reconsidered. (Contains 3 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Physical Mobility; Psychology; Alumni; Employment Patterns; Income; Job Satisfaction; Promotion (Occupational); Occupational Mobility; Success

Abstract:
We examined the influence of two types of psychological mobility, i.e. boundaryless mindset and organizational mobility preference, on career success. We hypothesized that this relationship would be partially mediated by physical mobility. In addition, we expected the direction of the influence to depend on the type of psychological mobility. We tested our hypotheses using data of 357 business alumni. Results showed that a boundaryless mindset related positively to wage and promotions, while organizational mobility preference led to less promotions, lower job satisfaction and lower career satisfaction. The relationship between boundaryless mindset and career success was partially mediated by functional mobility whereas organizational mobility preference impacted career success via organizational mobility. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed. (Contains 2 figures and 1 table.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Employment; Occupational Mobility; Career Development; Predictor Variables; Age Differences; Gender Differences; Marital Status; Children; Education; Public Sector; Longitudinal Studies; Foreign Countries

Abstract:
Using 20years of employment and job mobility data from a representative German sample (N = 1259), we employ optimal matching analysis (OMA) to identify six career patterns which deviate from the traditional career path of long-term, full-time employment in one organization. Then, in further analyses, we examine which socio-demographic predictors affect whether or not individuals follow that traditional career path. Results indicate that age, gender, marital status, number of children, education, and career starts in the public sector significantly predicted whether or not individuals followed the traditional career path. The article concludes with directions for future theoretical and methodological research on career patterns. (Contains 3 figures and 5 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Physical Education; Teacher Education; Foreign Countries; Professional Development; Physical Education Teachers; Occupational Mobility; Integrity; Teacher Attitudes; Teacher Effectiveness; Gender Differences; Secondary School Teachers; Employment Potential; Qualitative Research

Abstract:
This study focuses on the school-based training experiences of trainee physical education teachers in opposite-sex secondary schools in south-east England which has been presented and discussed elsewhere in the academic community. Through an interpretive paradigm, using critical incident writing as a means of collecting computer-mediated data, one male and two female trainee teachers of physical education provided continuous commentaries of their professional development within an opposite-sex secondary school over a 75 day training period. The three trainee physical education teachers in this study believed that professional integrity and pedagogical competence (being good at their job) was more important than issues associated with their biological sex. It is suggested that the findings from this study could stimulate professional debate with regards to training policies in secondary school physical education. Such debate and actions following from an informed examination of policy could increase the subject knowledge, employment prospects, occupational mobility and professional development of trainee physical education teachers. (Contains 6 notes and 1 table.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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