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Pub Date: |
2013-02-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Reports - Research |
Peer Reviewed: |
Yes |
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Descriptors:
Immigrants; Teaching Methods; Surgery; Foreign Countries; Medical Services; Patients; Expertise; Physicians; Injuries; Diseases; Urban Areas; Competition; Medical Education; Networks; Moral Values; Experiential Learning; Standards; Educational History
Abstract:
Due to its ascendancy as the administrative and commercial center of early modern England, London experienced sustained growth in the latter half of the sixteenth century, as waves of rural immigrants sought to enhance their material conditions by tapping into the city's bustling occupational and civic networks. The resultant crowded urban landscape fostered mounting demand for medical services, since injuries and ailments, ranging from consumption to contusions, proliferated within the city's teeming streets and markets. Due to consistently strong patient demand and the conventions of English common law, which stipulated that legal authorization to practice medicine was solely contingent upon patient consent, peddling medical services to the city's ill and infirm became an increasingly appealing--and potentially lucrative--venture. Consequently, London's largely unregulated medical marketplace--characterized by competition for patients, the mounting influence of print culture, and the emergence of small commercial networks--attracted a diverse array of practitioners, including university-educated physicians, guild-licensed surgeons, and a medley of specialist and itinerant practitioners. In the absence of effective institutional regulation, distinctions between medical practitioners and modes of treatment were often difficult to discern due to a lack of clearly defined legal demarcations. In response to such occupational fluidity, the Barber-Surgeons' Company--London's largest body of licensed medical practitioners and the city's only guilded branch of medicine before the advent of the Apothecaries' Company in 1617--endeavored to maintain exclusive control over the practice of surgery within the city. To prevent the encroachment of interlopers and foreign practitioners ineligible for guild membership, Company members devised an array of semiformal educational networks that reinforced their desire to train surgeons as proficient artisans, morally upright representatives of their occupational group, and agents of intellectual traditions ostensibly inaccessible to those excluded from the Company's ranks. Drawing inspiration from Andrew Abbott's notion of jurisdiction in the control of occupational skill and knowledge, this study argues that surgical education in early modern London was characterized by a synthesis of theoretical, experiential, and moral components that enabled members of the Barber-Surgeons' Company to bolster their expertise and erect occupational boundaries. By emulating prevailing paradigms of social disciplining--processes through which civic and guild authorities upheld order and stability within their communities by prescribing conventions of propriety and etiquette--the Company's self-conscious efforts to establish standards of occupational decorum and repress deviance not only mitigated the encroachment of interlopers, but also reinforced the nascent pre-professionalization of London's surgeons. (Contains 96 footnotes.)
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Pub Date: |
2013-03-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Reports - Descriptive |
Peer Reviewed: |
Yes |
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Descriptors:
Internship Programs; Business Administration Education; Experiential Learning; Federal Legislation; Compliance (Legal); Minimum Wage; Civil Rights Legislation; Court Litigation; Ethics
Abstract:
The concept of serving an apprenticeship as a means of training skilled workers dates to the Middle Ages. Apprenticeships in the Middle Ages and during the Renaissance were typically seven years in duration, in order to ensure that the masters recouped their investment and that the apprentice was given sufficient time to become skilled and not simply exploited as cheap labor. The experience arguably imparted not only artisan skills, but also the tacit skills needed for professional success, such as informed intuition, judgment under pressure, ease with clients, and problem-solving abilities, skills that often improve with experience. Recently, however, the apprenticeship system is reemerging as a promising model for improving job skills, particularly in the "Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics" (STEM) fields. Currently, numerous Web sites match prospective interns to prospective positions. While today apprenticeships are typically paid positions, unpaid internships also provide a vehicle for developing both tacit and job-related skills. This article examines the pedagogical, legal, and ethical issues concerning unpaid internships and their implication for business education for the student, the employer, and the educational institution. The recent enforcement efforts by the Labor Department against employers that illegally fail to pay interns makes this a particularly timely discussion to guide all parties involved in internships. (Contains 179 footnotes.)
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Author(s): |
McGill, Shelley |
Source: |
Journal of Legal Studies Education, v30 n1 p45-97 Mar 2013 |
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Pub Date: |
2013-03-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Reports - Descriptive |
Peer Reviewed: |
Yes |
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Descriptors:
Business Administration Education; Law Related Education; Undergraduate Students; Films; College Instruction; Experiential Learning; Cognitive Development; Business; Corporations; Web Sites; Course Organization; Course Content; Intellectual Property; Torts; Conflict Resolution; Ownership; Employment; Copyrights; Privacy; Assignments
Abstract:
Aaron Sorkin has a passion for words--his signature movie and television scripts are fast talking, jargon laced, word pictures that are instantly recognizable. "The Social Network," Sorkin's 2011 Academy Award Winning movie about the founding of Facebook, Inc., offers more than just witty banter; it provides an ideal teaching platform for undergraduate business law instructors. The movie's reach extends well beyond intellectual property law, presenting multiple business law and legal environment topics conveniently set in a student-friendly, reality-based, entrepreneurial context. The movie's story makes an ideal foundation for business law or legal environment courses. It can be a challenge to make a business school law course relevant and engaging for the young undergraduate student who is not pursuing legal studies. This article recommends teaching law to undergraduate business students through the lens of one current multidimensional business story already familiar to most undergraduate students: the founding and rise of Facebook. The story is dramatized in the movie "The Social Network" and Part II of this article provides a brief overview of the movie's plot. Part III reviews the pedagogical, experiential learning, and cognitive development theories that support the adoption of "The Social Network" as a course foundation. Part IV of the article describes how the movie and supplemental material can frame and contextualize typical business law and legal environment topics. The article concludes with lessons learned from the first attempt in Part IV and a discussion of exercises and assessments in the Appendices. (Contains 3 tables and 191 footnotes.)
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Author(s): |
Coghlan, David |
Source: |
Action Learning: Research and Practice, v10 n1 p54-57 2013 |
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Pub Date: |
2013-00-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Reports - Descriptive |
Peer Reviewed: |
Yes |
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Descriptors:
Experiential Learning; Action Research; Epistemology; Meetings; Reflection; Agenda Setting; Research Needs; Educational Research; Learning Theories; Group Discussion; Focus Groups
Abstract:
The case for the notion of action learning research has been posed and explored in several publications over the past few years. There is no tradition within action learning of understanding it as an approach to research. Within some academic circles, there has been a focus on the "action turn," the development of the notion of actionable knowledge, the epistemology of practice and the research potential of action modalities. Over the past few months, a series of e-mail exchanges between some members of the editorial team of this journal on whether there is any such things as action learning research and how might it be different from action research took place. Out of those exchanges, a colloquium was held to explore the topic at the Third International Conference on Action Learning held in Ashridge in March 2012. Speakers at the colloquium were: (1) David Coghlan; (2) Joe Raelin; (3) Clare Rigg; (4) Jeff Gold; (5) Mike Pedler; (6) Aileen Lawless; and (7) Elaine Allison. In this article, the author provides a flavour of the questions posed so as to encourage a continuing discussion and exploration.
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Author(s): |
Yeadon-Lee, Annie |
Source: |
Action Learning: Research and Practice, v10 n1 p39-53 2013 |
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Pub Date: |
2013-00-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Reports - Research |
Peer Reviewed: |
Yes |
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Descriptors:
Experiential Learning; Educational Research; Grounded Theory; Interviews; Learning Processes; Learning Theories; Group Dynamics; Group Behavior; Social Psychology; Doctoral Programs; Educational Experience; Social Structure; Power Structure; Educational Practices
Abstract:
This paper presents the proposition that a variety of differing hierarchies exist in an action learning set at any one time, and each hierarchy has the potential to affect an individual's behaviour within the set. An interpretivist philosophy underpins the research framework adopted in this paper. Data were captured by means of 11 in-depth interviews that formed part of wider research into set members' perceptions of what makes an effective action learning set. The interviewees were all former students of the researcher and her colleagues. The research draws upon grounded theory as a dominant research paradigm and uses thematic analysis to interpret the research findings. The findings of the research serve to simply illustrate that there is the potential for a variety of differing hierarchies to exist in an action learning set at any one time. Some of the hierarchies may exist for the full duration of the set; others are somewhat ephemeral. The findings from this research also present themselves as points of consideration for academics and practitioners who have used or are about to use action learning as a learning vehicle.
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Pub Date: |
2013-00-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Reports - Research |
Peer Reviewed: |
Yes |
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Descriptors:
Experiential Learning; Foreign Countries; Industry; Educational Change; Creative Development; School Business Relationship; Partnerships in Education; Creative Activities; Agency Cooperation; Cooperative Planning; Cooperative Programs; Group Dynamics; Peer Groups; Peer Relationship; Professional Development; Skill Analysis; Skill Development; Network Analysis; Institutional Role; Organizational Climate; Organizational Culture; Organizational Theories
Abstract:
In the UK, the creative sector has been identified as a key strand in the economic recovery strategy. Composed of mostly micro and small enterprises often grouping together for particular commissions and projects, there is a tendency to operate primarily through a series of networks made up of peers. This paper presents the outcomes of a "peer-to-peer business programme", or action learning set, involving 10 participants from the creative sector over a period of 6 months. The programme was based on a "Six-Squared" model where participants would address their own needs alongside participating in, and developing further understanding of, action learning sets in order to establish sets with others. Assessment of outcomes indicated that the programme allowed participants to develop new skills with peers, network and strengthen relationships and collaborate in a university programme. The paper concludes by suggesting that, within the context of a growing and vibrant creative industries sector and increasing pressures on universities to engage with the business community, it is essential to develop flexible, peer-led and innovative models of collaboration. (Contains 1 figure and 1 note.)
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Pub Date: |
2013-00-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Reports - Evaluative |
Peer Reviewed: |
Yes |
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Descriptors:
Prior Learning; Evidence; Experiential Learning; Portfolios (Background Materials); Adult Students; Adult Learning; Higher Education; Undergraduate Students; Undergraduate Study; Career Development; Outcomes of Education; Academic Achievement; Career Planning; Continuing Education
Abstract:
There are many types of student portfolios used within academia: the prior learning portfolio, credentialing portfolio, developmental portfolio, capstone portfolio, individual course portfolio, and the comprehensive education portfolio. The comprehensive education portfolio (CEP), as used by the authors, is a student portfolio, developed over time, that includes examples of educational knowledge, skills, experiences, and achievements as well as professional development related to the learning outcomes. The contents provide evidence of the individual's knowledge and analytical, research, technology, and communications skills and applications, along with reflections on experiential learning beginning with the undergraduate experience. This article briefly reviews the importance of the comprehensive education portfolio. The benefits that students, particularly adult students, can obtain from constructing the CEP in terms of contents and process when it includes a career focus are highlighted. (Contains 1 table.)
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