Your search found 115 results.

Descriptors:
Health Education; Disadvantaged Youth; Public Health; Dental Health; Health Behavior; Child Health; Risk; Hygiene; Dentistry; Statistical Analysis; Dental Evaluation; Parents; Young Children; Likert Scales; Federal Programs; Early Childhood Education; Preschool Children

Abstract:
Tooth decay remains the most common chronic disease of childhood. The CincySmiles Foundation (CSF) developed an instrument to evaluate Head Start parents' knowledge of oral health care practices and to identify barriers Head Start parents face when seeking dental treatment for their children. Data from Head Start parents (n = 675) across 3 southwest counties in Ohio were collected by CSF and analyzed by a team of university researchers. The instrument elicited information about oral health care knowledge and practices from the participants. Findings from the parental oral health knowledge scale indicated oral health education programs would benefit the Head Start population. Results suggest oral health practitioners should primarily focus educational efforts on dietary behaviors, bottle feeding, and oral hygiene. Barriers to oral health care adherence of the target population were identified with lack of dental insurance emerging as the primary barrier. An analysis of variance test revealed that participants who waited until they were in pain to visit a dentist reported more total barriers, F(2, 654) = 3.415, p = 0.033. Public health educators have an integral role to play in reducing the risk factors associated with tooth decay. (Contains 2 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Dental Evaluation; Hospitals; Dental Health; Dentistry; Interviews; Parents; Counseling Techniques; Child Health; Clinics; Program Effectiveness; Foreign Countries; Parent Education

Abstract:
Objective: The Tooth Smart Programme is a hospital-based parent-counselling programme established to stabilize existing carious lesions and prevent new caries in children. The purpose of this qualitative study was to: explore participating parents' experiences of and views about parent counselling; identify and describe factors that influence the uptake of oral health advice; and uncover any unanticipated outcomes of parent counselling. Methods: A purposively selected group of parents were invited to participate in, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were analyzed by qualitative thematic analysis. Results: Participants liked the programme sessions occurring in a hospital dental clinic. This approach was valued because it allowed a dental assessment to accompany the preventive advice. Most felt that they had been successful in increasing the frequency and quality of their child's tooth-brushing. Some reported that increased brushing reduced their child's dental pain. Conversely, most had found it hard to control their child's snacking on sugary foods and drinks. Conclusion: Future development of programmes should consider participants' expressed need for parent counselling to be provided in patient-centred sessions. (Contains 1 figure.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Human Services; Strategic Planning; Health Promotion; Smoking; Public Health; Quality of Life; Dental Health; Preventive Medicine; Disease Control; Dental Evaluation; Program Effectiveness; Program Evaluation; Intervention; Foreign Countries; Young Children; Older Adults

Abstract:
Dental caries, periodontal diseases, tooth loss and oral cancers have significant burden of disease effects, quality of life and cost implications for the Australian community. Oral health promotion is a key approach to addressing these conditions endorsed as part of the National Oral Health Plan. Understanding the evidence for effectiveness of oral health promotion is integral to strategic planning for both oral and general health settings. Objective: The objective of this article is to report the key findings of a systematic review of the evidence for oral health promotion commissioned by the Victorian Department of Human Services in 2006. Methods: Evidence was collected and evaluated using a combined approach incorporating the Cochrane Public Health and Health Promotion Field Handbook and the Health Gains Notation in order to a develop a synthesis approach to reporting, framed around the Ottawa Charter. Findings: Findings included evidence supporting the continued fluoridation of water supplies, interventions aimed at early childhood and aged care settings, smoking cessation and capacity building with non-oral health care providers. Emerging evidence supporting multi-strategy community based approaches is also reported along with gaps in the evidence. General Conclusions: The authors conclude that, while there is good support for the incorporation of oral health into general health promotion, it will be important to monitor the outcomes in oral health terms. (Contains 2 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Diseases; Dentistry; Epidemiology; Clinical Diagnosis; At Risk Persons; Individualized Programs; Information Dissemination; Best Practices; Change Strategies; Dental Evaluation; Dental Health; Trend Analysis

Abstract:
Dental caries is a disease process, one that will not be eliminated by tooth repair alone. Caries is the most prevalent disease of children and the primary reason for most restorative dental visits in both adults and children. A risk-based approach to managing caries targets those in greatest jeopardy for contracting the disease and provides evidenced-based decisions to treat current disease and prevent it in the future. This dissertation focuses on an approach to diagnosing and managing caries disease that holds promise of transforming the ways dentists treat this disease. This approach focuses on assessing the risk of caries and designing an individualized treatment plan that treats the disease in the least invasive way possible known as "Caries Management by Risk Assessment" or CAMBRA. Taken in total, the chapters presented in this dissertation address the related problems of disseminating information about CAMBRA and influencing both the practice of dentistry and the education of dentists. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Family Life; Dental Health; Charts; Medical Services; Dentistry; Socioeconomic Background; Parent Attitudes; Eating Habits; Parent Child Relationship; Foreign Countries; Health Personnel; Allied Health Personnel; Interviews; Transcripts (Written Records); Discourse Analysis; Content Analysis; Health Behavior; Child Health; Health Education; Access to Information; Health Promotion; Public Health; Diseases; Prevention; Dental Evaluation

Abstract:
Objective: To investigate the views and experiences of parents whose children have rampant tooth decay. Methods: In-depth, semi-structured interviews were carried out with 19 parents of varied age and social background whose children had been referred to Dundee Dental Hospital for assessment for dental extractions. Participants were encouraged to discuss their own and their child's dental experiences and their views on how the child developed rampant caries. The interview data was systematically coded using key theme headings, and summary charts were constructed to facilitate analysis. Results: The parents found it difficult to avoid sweets and giving their children sweet treats. They had limited knowledge of oral health maintenance which was poorly applied. These factors, combined with the difficulties of family life--in particular illness and life events--created circumstances in which their children experienced tooth decay. Conclusions: Parents find it difficult to restrict their children's sugar intake in an environment where sugary snacks are so readily available. More societal support in restricting children's sugar intake is of central importance. Parents would benefit from more sympathetic and explicit diet and toothbrushing messages tailored to their individual circumstances from those involved in the care of children's oral health. (Contains 1 table.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Mental Retardation; Dental Health; Hygiene; Dentistry; Patients; Rewards; Dental Evaluation; Behavior Modification; Behavior Problems; Intervention; Drug Therapy; Functional Behavioral Assessment

Abstract:
Background: Dental disease is more common among people with intellectual disabilities than in the general population. Improvements in oral health require individuals to engage in daily oral hygiene and regular visits to a dental practitioner; both may be challenging for the individual with intellectual impairment. Materials and Methods: A review of policies relating to behaviour management and physical restraint for individuals with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviours was undertaken. Published studies of behaviour management in individuals with intellectual disabilities attending for dental treatment were reviewed. Reference to studies of children with average IQ and other populations were made where appropriate. Results: There is little published evidence regarding behaviour management for people with intellectual disabilities who require dental treatment. Current policies place great emphasis on pharmacological management and restrictive behaviour management techniques. There is a paucity of studies which have employed a functional analysis framework. There are few incentives for dentists to implement positive approaches to behaviour management as current systems of payment reward the completion of numbers of treatments and thus there is an incentive to complete treatments quickly rather than to spend time with patients. Conclusions: There is a need for research addressing the behaviour management of individuals with intellectual disabilities who require dental treatment, particularly the efficacy of non-restrictive techniques and the provision of incentives that reward the use of positive behaviour management among dentists. The use of restrictive techniques should be carefully monitored for compliance with best practice guidelines. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Photography; Dental Health; Computer Software; Dentistry; Surveys; Influence of Technology; Information Technology; Computer Use; Decision Support Systems; Dental Evaluation; Radiology; Electronic Equipment; Clinical Diagnosis; Case Records; Predictor Variables; Comparative Analysis; Income; Costs

Abstract:
The purpose of this survey research was to determine the diffusion of digital radiography, the electronic oral health record (EOHR), digital intraoral photography, and diagnosis and clinical decision-making support software into the dental offices of Nevada. A cross-sectional survey design was utilized with a random sample of 600 Nevada dentists. A response rate of 41.6% was obtained. This study found that the diffusion of digital radiography into the Nevada dental profession was much greater than the national average for general dentists. General dentists employed this technology 1.5 times more than the national average, general dentists who specialize in more costly dental procedures utilized it 2.5 times more, and specialists used this technology 4 times as much as the national estimate. This study also demonstrated that Nevada general dentists and dentists who focus on more costly dental procedures employed digital intraoral photography somewhat less than the national estimate and specialists used it half as much. However, this study confirmed that general dentists who focus on more costly dental procedures utilized this technology in greater numbers than predicted, but only when their practices employed a large staff. The EOHR demonstrated a respectable diffusion among the dentists of Nevada. General dentists and general dentists who focus their practices on more costly dental procedures had acquired this technology in numbers that were 1.5 times the national utilization rate for general dentists. Specialists in Nevada employed the EOHR in the same number as the national average. This survey demonstrated that there was very little diffusion of the diagnosis and clinical decision-making software technology in Nevada, as elsewhere in the country. In fact, this software was the least employed of the four digital dental technologies that were examined. Still, Nevada general dentists and those who focus on more costly dental procedures utilized this technology twice as much as the national average, and specialists employed it in the same numbers as general dentists across the country. With the exception of diagnosis and clinical decision-making software, income appears to be a factor in the acquisition of these digital technologies. Therefore, general dentists may acquire these technologies at a slower rate than the more affluent specialists and general dentists who focus on more costly dental procedures. However, as costs decline, digital radiography, with its safety advantages for both patients and employees, can be expected to become an integral part of the armamentarium of the public dental provider. Likewise, the EOHR, with all of its digital advantages, will be another digital dental technology that will become a standard component of public dental care delivery. Adoption of both technologies may even be hastened by state and federal mandates. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
State Programs; Income; Dental Health; Diseases; Child Health; Dentistry; Federal Programs; Health Services; Health Insurance; Access to Health Care; Comparative Analysis; Low Income Groups; Children; Adolescents; National Surveys; Interviews; Dental Evaluation

Abstract:
In recent years, concerns have been raised about the adequacy of dental care for low-income children. Attention to this subject became more acute due to the widely publicized case of Deamonte Driver, a 12-year-old boy who died as a result of an untreated infected tooth that led to a fatal brain infection. Deamonte had health coverage through Medicaid, a joint federal and state program that provides health care coverage, including dental care, for millions of low-income children. Deamonte had extensive dental disease and his family was unable to find a dentist to treat him. GAO was asked to examine the extent to which children in Medicaid experience dental disease, the extent to which they receive dental care, and how these conditions have changed over time. To examine these indicators of oral health, GAO analyzed data for children ages 2 through 18, by insurance status, from two nationally representative surveys conducted by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS): the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). GAO also interviewed officials from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and dental associations and researchers. In commenting on a draft of the report, HHS acknowledged the challenge of providing dental services to children in Medicaid, and cited a number of studies and actions taken to address the issue. Survey data on Medicaid children's receipt of dental care showed some improvement; for example, use of sealants went up significantly between the 1988 through 1994 and 1999 through 2004 time periods. Rates of dental disease, however, did not decrease, although the data suggest the trends vary somewhat among different age groups. Younger children in Medicaid--those aged 2 through 5--had statistically significant higher rates of dental disease in the more recent time period as compared to earlier surveys. By contrast, data for Medicaid adolescents aged 16 through 18 show declining rates of tooth decay, although the change was not statistically significant. Appended are: (1) NHANES Analysis; (2) MEPS Background and Analysis; (3) Comments from the Department of Health and Human Services; and (4) GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments. (Contains 9 tables and 7 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Young Children; Preschool Children; Dental Health; Dental Evaluation; Dentistry; Disease Control; Hygiene; Health Behavior

Abstract:
Tooth decay in children is on the rise in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), tooth decay rose 4 percent in the two-to five-year-old age group in the last four years. These statistics are disturbing to dental professionals because of the ability to prevent approximately 85 percent of tooth decay. Early childhood decay (ECD) is a phenomenon that is seen in children under the age of five. ECD is caused by the continuous use of the bottle filled with anything but water past the age of 12 months. Milk, formula, juices, sodas, and breast milk in a youngster's bottle put a child at risk for ECD. Tea is the second most consumed beverage in the world, second only to water. Yet, in the United States, tea is consumed less than fruit drinks and sodas. Fruit drinks and sodas are loaded with sugar and provide little to no nutritional value. However, when so many families are leading hectic, activity-filled lifestyles, the "quick fix" beverage in a juice box, bottle, or can is much easier than stopping to brew a cup of tea. Camomile teas are about as close to a neutral pH as tea can get. Some studies have indicated they are less than 0.001 from neutral. This beverage would be the least likely to contribute to tooth decay in children. Rooibos teas, which are naturally caffeine free, have a pH around 5.0. Black and green teas are slightly more acidic with a pH ranging from 3.0-7.0. The latter three teas mentioned have a higher chance of causing tooth decay if based on pH alone. With the exception of herbal tisanes, all tea contains an ingredient that actually strengthens the enamel and makes the teeth more resistant to decay. That ingredient is naturally occurring fluoride, and all real teas have trace elements of this mineral. As teeth naturally repair themselves, the hydroxyapetite crystals that make up the teeth are reinforced with the fluoride ion from the tea, creating a stronger more resistant structure. Green, black, and rooibos teas are also rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, making them a much better beverage choice for children. To avoid excess caffeine, rooibos and decaffeinated teas are recommended. Tea is a beverage that children should be encouraged to consume. The health benefits for body and teeth are numerous and make this beverage a much better choice than more sugary acidic beverages. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Pregnancy; Females; Health Services; Preschool Education; Low Income Groups; Preschool Children; Disadvantaged Youth; Mental Health Programs; Parent Participation; Parent School Relationship; Childhood Needs; Dental Evaluation; Referral; Social Services; Family Characteristics; Individual Characteristics; Migrant Education; Migrant Children; Federal Programs

Abstract:
Since 1965, the Head Start program has served low-income 3- and 4-year-old children and their families with comprehensive early education and support services. Programs provide services focused on the "whole child," including early education addressing cognitive, developmental, and socio-emotional needs; medical and dental screenings and referrals; nutritional services; parental involvement activities and referrals to social service providers for the entire family; and mental health services. In 1994, the federal Early Head Start program was created to address the comprehensive needs of low-income children under age 3 and pregnant women. All Head Start programs are required to complete the Program Information Report (PIR) on an annual basis. Based on information reported through the PIR, this fact sheet describes the characteristics of Head Start children and families (including children in Early Head Start, the Head Start preschool program, and Migrant and Seasonal Head Start) and the services provided to them during the 2005-2006 program year. In 2006, the Head Start program served 1,080,627 young children and 10,825 pregnant women through 2,696 grantees throughout the country--about 26,000 more children and 340 more pregnant women than in 2005. (Contains 4 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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