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Descriptors:
Interaction; Conferences (Gatherings); Educational Research; Research Methodology; Educational Technology; Computer Assisted Instruction; Cooperative Learning

Abstract:
The theme of this year's Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) 2013 conference--"To see the world 'and' a grain of sand: Learning across levels of space, time and scale"--targets a provocative challenge for CSCL, namely that the interactions of collaborative learning be understood, supported and analysed at multiple levels. As the conference call puts it, "the attention to the theoretical, methodological and technological issues of addressing research at multiple levels is highly relevant to current research in CSCL, as well as to developing an emerging understanding of the epistemological and methodological issues that will shape the intellectual efforts well into the future." The attempt to bridge across levels of analysis--in CSCL theory, analysis and practice--stands at the forefront of CSCL research today. CSCL research typically investigates processes at the individual, small-group and community units of analysis. However, individual CSCL studies generally each focus on only one of these units. Moreover, there is little data-based analysis of how the three levels are connected, although it is clear that such connections are crucially important to understanding and orchestrating learning in CSCL settings. The introduction to the last issue of the "International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning" (Stahl 2012b) proposed that the levels of individual learning, group cognition and community knowledge building may be connected by emergent "interactional resources," which can mediate between the levels. The question of how the local interactional resources that mediate sequential small-group interaction are related to large-scale socio-cultural context as well as to individual learning is an empirical question in each case. There are many ways these connections across levels take place, and it is likely that they often involve mechanisms that are not apparent to participants. This paper explores one way of thinking about how such connections can occur: interactional resources. (Contains 2 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Females; African American History; United States History; Content Analysis; Conferences (Gatherings); Textbooks; High Schools; Disproportionate Representation; Heuristics; Visual Aids

Abstract:
This article addresses the dearth of African American women in high school U.S. history textbooks. The authors conducted a content analysis of the images in an African American history textbook and found that black women are underrepresented. Women are found in less than 15 percent of the images in the African American history text, while they make up nearly 30-50 percent of the images in two mainstream texts that the authors analyzed. The authors use Rachel Mattson's five heuristics to show how to incorporate images of black women in more meaningful ways in the curriculum: sourcing, inside-the-frame/outside-the-frame, intertextuality, framing historical questions, and using visual codes and conventions. (Contains 1 table and 8 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Liberal Arts; Biblical Literature; Teaching Methods; Conferences (Gatherings); Clergy; Undergraduate Students; College Faculty; Theological Education; Discussion; Teacher Attitudes

Abstract:
This discussion of the goals and methods of teaching biblical literature is an edited transcription of a panel recorded at the 2010 Society for Biblical Literature conference. The panelists were asked to reflect on William Placher's recently published theological commentary on Mark as an example or test case of how one might use a biblical commentary as a classroom resource. Karl Barth wrote that insofar as their usefulness to pastors goes, most modern commentaries are "no commentary at all, but merely the first step toward a commentary." What value might commentaries have for our students, whether future pastors or undergraduates in the liberal arts? While the panel consisted of teachers of undergraduates as well as theological students, the emphasis of the presentations and subsequent discussion focused mostly on theological formation. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Adult Education; Conferences (Gatherings); Lifelong Learning; Child Caregivers; Child Care; Early Childhood Education; Competence; Job Skills; Case Studies; Genealogy; Global Approach; Commercialization; Foreign Countries

Abstract:
We provide a historical (genealogical) study of the changes in discourses on adult education since the famous UNESCO conference in Montreal, to present day texts of the European Union on lifelong learning. We also analyse how these changing global discourses on lifelong learning have travelled--through the hegemony of English language--to local situations, such as in Flanders. In the case of Flanders, they have paradoxically contributed to a significant counter-professionalisation of the early years workforce. This genealogical case study also shows how research, policy and practice are closely intertwined in their contribution to this paradox. The study shows that genealogical approaches are useful to show both how international influences need to be considered in a globalised world, but also how specific local "hybridisations" of these discourses are constructed. (Contains 1 figure.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Evidence; Boards of Education; School Districts; Group Dynamics; Board of Education Policy; Formative Evaluation; Meetings; Policy Formation; Inferences; Decision Making; Governance; Advocacy; Research Utilization; Audience Participation; Context Effect; Local Issues; Conferences (Gatherings)

Abstract:
This article analyzes the use of research evidence in school-board deliberations in three school districts in Wisconsin. In these settings, the circulation, meaning, and function of research depended importantly on the interests and backgrounds of advocates, the composition of audiences, and the values and contexts of decision-making. Board members and other meeting participants sought direct connections between research evidence and local district concerns. Their use of research gainsays linear models of policymaking, demonstrating that research carries different meanings in different situations and that research may not resolve value differences that inform policy disputes. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Geography; Educational Change; Expertise; Conferences (Gatherings); Geography Instruction; Curriculum; Professional Associations; Ethnography; Educational Research; Higher Education; Teacher Collaboration; College Faculty; Foreign Countries

Abstract:
"Curriculum making", highlighted in the Geographical Association's Manifesto in 2009, was the focus of a research symposium held in London in April 2011. Using an auto-ethnographic approach, I reflect on and explore my experience of participating in that symposium. The analysis explores the "cultures of influence" and the "forms of problematisation" represented in the symposium papers, and argues that there is a tension between the ideas that underpin curriculum making (which focus on the actions of the teacher) and how research conducted in higher education problematises the geography curriculum. The analysis reveals three categories of "problems": subject identity and expertise, teacher professionalism and engagement, and education policy and its enactment. In helping to understand these problems further, the research has been able to highlight the significance of local contexts in influencing and facilitating change in education, and the necessity of a productive relationship between academics and teachers. (Contains 1 figure.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Teaching Methods; Conferences (Gatherings); Journal Articles; Interpersonal Communication; Interpersonal Competence; Literature Reviews; Higher Education; Concept Formation; Theories; Communications

Abstract:
Great Ideas for Teaching Students (GIFTS) are among the most popular and well-attended panel sessions at many academic conferences. This article describes the process by which current research in the "Western Journal of Communication" can be transferred into GIFTS for lower division communication classrooms. The goal is to provide an entree for people who consider themselves teachers, either primarily or exclusively, to read the latest scholarship and incorporate it into their teaching. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Notetaking; Reading Writing Relationship; Communication (Thought Transfer); Information Dissemination; Documentation; Technological Advancement; Information Technology; Electronic Publishing; Access to Information; Information Management; Educational History; Educational Psychology; Conferences (Gatherings)

Abstract:
Considering how much attention people lavish on the technologies of writing--scroll, codex, print, screen--it's striking how little they pay to the technologies for digesting and regurgitating it. One way or another, there's no sector of the modern world that is not saturated with note-taking--the bureaucracy, the liberal professions, the sciences, the modern firm, and especially the academy, whose residents, transient and permanent, have more right than anyone else to claim that taking notes is what they do. Taken, made, jotted, foot, or head: Notes are necessary interventions between the things people read and the things they write. (Contains 6 endnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Testing; Best Practices; Testing Problems; Integrity; Cheating; Prevention; Investigations; Educational Policy; Computer Assisted Testing; Conferences (Gatherings); State Departments of Education; School Districts

Abstract:
Educators, parents, and the public depend on accurate, valid, reliable, and timely information about student academic performance. Testing irregularities--breaches of test security or improper administration of academic testing--undermine efforts to use those data to improve student achievement. Unfortunately, there have been high-profile and systemic incidents of cheating in several school districts across the country in recent years. While every state has policies in place to address test administration, no "library of best practices" exists that could help state educational agencies (SEAs) and local educational agencies (LEAs) prevent, detect, and respond to irregularities in academic testing. The Department published a request for information (RFI) in the "Federal Register" on January 17, 2012, asking the public to submit best practices and policies regarding the prevention, detection, and investigation of irregularities in academic testing. This report draws upon three sources of information about practices that support the integrity of test results: the opinions of experts and practitioners as expressed in the RFI responses, the comments and discussions from the Symposium, and, where available, policy manuals or professional standards published by SEAs and professional associations. The RFI and Symposium are part of a broader effort by the Department to identify and disseminate practices and policies to SEAs, LEAs, and the testing companies that can assist them in their continuing efforts to improve the validity and reliability of assessment results. As was the case with the RFI and the Symposium, this summary focuses on four areas related to testing integrity: (1) the prevention of irregularities in academic testing; (2) the detection and analysis of testing irregularities; (3) the response to an investigation of alleged and/or actual misconduct; and (4) testing integrity practices for technology-based assessments. Appended are: (1) Testing Integrity Symposium Panelist Biographies; and (2) Request for Information (RFI) Responses. (Contains 101 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Immigrants; Literary Criticism; Realism; Discourse Analysis; English; Conferences (Gatherings); Story Telling; Personal Narratives; Poetry; English (Second Language); Photography; Visual Aids; Literacy; Writing Instruction; Writing (Composition); Middle School Students; Grade 7; Grade 8; Intermode Differences; Learning Modalities

Abstract:
This paper explores how students, as multimodal storytellers, can weave powerful narratives blending modes, genres, artefacts and literary conventions to represent the real and imagined in their lives. Part of a larger ethnographic case study of student writing in a middle years class for immigrant students learning English as an additional language, the research featured in this paper is framed by a theory of artefactual literacies, narrative theory--particularly the genre of magical realism--and cultural studies, specifically notions of representation and cultural identity. The theoretical emphases on the artefactual, structural and representational aspects of multimodal narratives informs a multilayered, fine-grained approach to analysing students' digital narrative poems using the tools of critical discourse analysis, literary analysis and a visual analytic framework developed for analysing student-produced digital photographs. This process is applied to a selected example, Gabriel's "My Name Is" narrative, a story that plays with elements of magical real-ism to explore the simultaneity of his experience as an immigrant youth. The illustrative example speaks to the power of the "fantastical" in literacy pedagogies that seek to take seriously students' cultural identities and their visions for new realities. (Contains 2 tables and 2 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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