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Descriptors:
Foreign Countries; Predictor Variables; Teacher Surveys; Educational Environment; Program Effectiveness; Computer Uses in Education; Teacher Influence; Elementary School Teachers; Secondary School Teachers; Teacher Role; School Role; Teacher Effectiveness; Educational Technology; Technology Integration; Teacher Attitudes; Hierarchical Linear Modeling; Inservice Teacher Education

Abstract:
Technology integration is influenced by many factors related to the teacher and the school environment. While many studies have examined factors that influence teachers' use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) at the teacher level, a growing number of studies have suggested that it is beneficial to examine those factors using multilevel modeling. Multilevel analysis can separate the impact of teachers from the school environment and provide insight into the influence of those factors at each level. This study uses multilevel modeling to analyze data from 3,652 grade 1-9 teachers in 289 schools in Taiwan. The results of this multilevel analysis found both teacher-level and school-level factors contributing to the integration of ICT in the teaching process. Among teacher level factors, teachers' beliefs and hours of training in the previous year predicted ICT integration proficiency well. Among school level factors, training hours and teachers' perceived school support are the most important factors that impact ICT integration. School support is not only a significant factor at the school level but also a strong predictor at the teacher level. In addition, important school level variables included access to Internet connectivity, availability of projectors, and stability of computers. These results highlight the importance of individual teachers and the role schools play in ICT integration. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Foreign Countries; Content Analysis; Qualitative Research; Comparative Analysis; Cross Cultural Studies; Case Studies; Computer Literacy; Program Descriptions; Educational Technology; National Curriculum; Curriculum Design; Elementary School Curriculum; Educational Principles; Computer Uses in Education; Educational Policy

Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to analyze the content features of educational technology curricula for primary education developed by national governments. A qualitative cross-case document analysis of the national educational technology curriculum of Norway, Flanders and England was conducted. The analysis focuses on the underlying visions, specific aims and instruction related aspects that are integrated in the national educational technology curricula of the three cases under investigation. The results indicate that specific aims mainly focus on the critical use of educational technology; safe and responsible use of educational technology; information retrieval, processing and production; communication by use of educational technology; and use of educational technology for subject learning. It is possible that a discrepancy exists between the concepts of digital literacy and the specific aims that are addressed in educational technology curricula. Moreover, the rationales that underlie educational technology curricula represent a catalytic and social point of view rather than an economic one. The implications of our findings for curriculum developers and researchers are discussed. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Computer Mediated Communication; Discussion; Internet; Computer Uses in Education; Blended Learning; Instructional Effectiveness; Comparative Analysis; Content Analysis; Learning Activities; Learning Processes; Notetaking; Health Education

Abstract:
This article reports a theory-driven experimental study that evaluates the effects of an annotation functionality on online social interaction and individual learning outcomes. The central hypothesis of this study is that directly addressing a part of a text by annotating it and then connecting each annotation with its related discussion can decrease coordinative interaction costs and result in a higher-quality discussion that favors greater gains in individual learning outcomes. To reach our objective, we carried out a theory-driven experimental study that compares two versions of an anchored discussion system: one with annotation functionality and one without it, both displaying the learning material side by side with its associated discussion in one window. Participants were 106 students enrolled in two sections of a blended-format course in health education. We assigned each section to a software condition. The examination of students' online social interaction centered on a fine-grained content analysis of coordination and knowledge construction activities as well as sequential analysis of knowledge construction activities. The results indicate that annotation functionality decreased coordinative interaction costs and stimulated more elaborated discussions that favored greater gains in individual learning outcomes. Implications for research and practice are discussed. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Program Effectiveness; Teacher Attitudes; Cues; Information Technology; Space Utilization; Qualitative Research; Higher Education; Personal Narratives; Inquiry; Computer Simulation; Virtual Classrooms; Teaching Methods; Games; Computer Uses in Education; Role Playing; Ownership; Foreign Countries

Abstract:
This paper will present a study that explored the perceived impact of spatial practice in "Second Life" (SL) on teaching and learning from the point of view of participants in higher education (lecturers, developers and researchers). Narrative inquiry was used to access stories and experiences of space and spatial practice from staff perspectives. The findings indicated that ownership, spatial violation and replication were the concerns raised by participants in relation to spatial practice. However, participants also suggested that an understanding of social cues, spatial negotiation and spatial consideration were important issues to address for effective teaching to occur in SL. The findings of this study suggest that there remains relatively little in-depth understanding of the way space is implicated in learning in SL and that spatial practice also requires further research, in order to better understand their pedagogical implications when using SL as a learning space. (Contains 2 tables and 2 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Teaching Methods; Educational Change; Student Behavior; Phenomenology; Grade 8; Academic Achievement; Computer Uses in Education; Middle Schools; Interviews; Student Attitudes; Teacher Attitudes; Educational Technology; Classroom Environment; Interpersonal Communication; Professional Development; Urban Schools; Laptop Computers

Abstract:
The impact of a one-to-one computing initiative at a Midwestern urban middle school was examined through phenomenological research techniques focusing on the voices of eighth grade students and their teachers. Analysis of transcripts from pre and post-implementation interviews of 47 students and eight teachers yielded patterns of responses to illuminate how one-to-one computing changed students' learning experiences and teachers' instructional practices. Key themes that emerged were changes in teacher pedagogy, effect on student learning experiences, impact on classroom behavior and management, potential for improved communications, and suggestions to address professional development needs. The students demonstrated their learning in varied and creative ways through the use of computer-based lessons. However, the altered format presented new demands on teachers as a delivery model. Although some students were distracted by gaming and chatting opportunities, learning benefits were reported for students of varied ability levels. This study builds on the theoretical framework supporting the role and use of technology to foster learning and to prepare students for a global economy. The focus on student and teacher voices provided the opportunity to explore a new perspective and engage middle school students, teachers, and administrators in school change efforts. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Teaching Methods; Physiology; Anatomy; Biology; Concept Mapping; Undergraduate Students; Course Content; Models; Lecture Method; Pretests Posttests; Foreign Countries; Comparative Analysis; Control Groups; Experimental Groups; Higher Education; Computers; Evaluation; College Students; Computer Uses in Education; Computer Assisted Instruction; Feedback (Response)

Abstract:
The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of models of programmed instruction and conventional (informative-illustrative) expository teaching in terms of fulfilling the aims of the course "Human anatomy and physiology" which is included in the physiology programme and designed for undergraduate students majoring in biology education at the Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade. For this purpose, a model of a pedagogical experiment with parallel groups of students was applied. One group was presented the course content through programmed instruction, with the help of computers and programmed materials, which included the elaboration of concept maps. The second group was presented the same content through expository (informative-illustrative) instruction, the traditional lecturing model. In terms of quantity and quality of knowledge acquired by students in the tested teaching field, the experimental model of programmed instruction was more effective. (Contains 2 tables and 5 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Calculus; Student Motivation; Mathematics Instruction; College Students; Engineering Education; Computer Software; Educational Technology; Computer Uses in Education; Foreign Countries

Abstract:
Research exists on the role of motivation in student learning, especially with subjects in the humanities and social sciences (e.g., Deci, Vallerand, Pelletier, & Ryan, 1991; Vallerand, Pelletier, Blais, Briere, Senecal, & Vallieres, 1992). This body of research would be well served by broadening current understandings of students of the natural sciences. This article describes a quantitative study of first-year university engineering students taking a calculus course. The central topic that we address is how academic motivation of these students correlates with their performance. The findings indicate that the students in the study are highly motivated, extrinsically more than intrinsically, and that self-determination is predictive of improved academic performance. However, the findings also suggest that intrinsic motivation to know plays an interesting role; specifically, it alone seems to be predictive of better performance on a conceptual part of the exam, even though this measure showed no effect on the overall exam score. (Contains 3 tables and 1 figure.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Humanities; Computer Uses in Education; College Faculty; Teacher Attitudes; Interdisciplinary Approach; Technological Advancement; Scholarship; Cooperation; Research; Teacher Student Relationship; Web Sites; Integrated Curriculum; Social Networks; Interprofessional Relationship

Abstract:
A persistent criticism of the digital-humanities movement is that it is elitist and exclusive because it requires the resources of a major university (faculty, infrastructure, money), and is thus more suited to campuses with a research focus. Academics and administrators at small liberal-arts colleges may read about DH and, however exciting it sounds, decide that it ill suits their teaching mission. In fact, teaching-focused colleges have significant advantages over research universities in pursuing the digital humanities. With shallower administrative hierarchies and less institutional inertia, liberal-arts colleges can innovate relatively rapidly and at lower cost. They usually have more collegiality across disciplines and divisions, and between faculty and staff members. It's easier to build coalitions and to organize project teams at small colleges. Because of their teaching focus, they have lighter expectations for faculty research: Faculty members are more likely to be able to experiment with projects that may not lead to traditional scholarly publications. Some liberal-arts colleges even have a culture of faculty-student collaborative research, which translates perfectly into the project-building methods of the digital humanities. And the great variety of missions among liberal-arts colleges allows each of them to develop projects serving communities that might otherwise be neglected. All in all, participating in DH is not more difficult at liberal-arts colleges than at research universities; it simply presents a different set of challenges and opportunities. Since 2008 the author has been part of an effort to build a DH program at a liberal-arts college in the Midwest. In this article, he offers some casual suggestions for program building in this emerging field: (1) Stop calling it "digital humanities"; (2) Show how digital humanities supports the liberal arts; (3) Build a support network with like-minded colleagues; (4) Integrate digital humanities into the curriculum; (5) Show how digital techniques support faculty research; (6) Celebrate the accomplishments of students and colleagues; (7) Seek the support of the higher-ups; (8) Invest in faculty and staff development; (9) Seek external partnerships; and (10) Strive to be a "servant leader". Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Higher Education; Feedback (Response); Student Evaluation; College Students; Educational Research; Literature Reviews; Computer Uses in Education; Self Evaluation (Individuals); Peer Evaluation; Student Attitudes; Teacher Attitudes; College Faculty; Power Structure; Student Role; Teacher Role; Communities of Practice

Abstract:
This article presents a thematic analysis of the research evidence on assessment feedback in higher education (HE) from 2000 to 2012. The focus of the review is on the feedback that students receive within their coursework from multiple sources. The aims of this study are to (a) examine the nature of assessment feedback in HE through the undertaking of a systematic review of the literature, (b) identify and discuss dominant themes and discourses and consider gaps within the research literature, (c) explore the notion of the feedback gap in relation to the conceptual development of the assessment feedback field in HE, and (d) discuss implications for future research and practice. From this comprehensive review of the literature, the concept of the feedback landscape, informed by sociocultural and socio-critical perspectives, is developed and presented as a valuable framework for moving the research agenda into assessment feedback in HE forward. (Contains 2 tables, 1 figure, and 1 note.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Faculty; Computer Uses in Education; Educational Technology; Teaching Methods; Student Teaching; Teacher Education Programs; Educational Change; Benchmarking; Preservice Teacher Education; Technology Integration; Focus Groups; Pedagogical Content Knowledge; Pretests Posttests; Professional Development; Technology Uses in Education; Preservice Teachers

Abstract:
In an effort to reform a teacher education program by strengthening content-area preparation and adding opportunities to practice by extending the time for student teaching, Arizona State University's Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College eliminated a group of teacher education courses, including the standalone educational technology course. Educational technology faculty members were charged with developing an alternative approach of infusing technology into methods courses. Our first step was to conduct this benchmarking study of the standalone course to determine the successful lessons and practices that should be incorporated into the new program design. Results from analysis of pre- and post-course survey results and focus-group data indicated that candidates' confidence and TPACK scores increased in the standalone course. We will share benchmarks that arose from the study with program developers for adoption or adaptation to the new technology-infused courses where appropriate. Findings may also be useful to other teacher credentialing institutions that are changing to a technology-infused instructional approach. (Contains 1 table and 1 figure.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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