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Pub Date: |
2013-07-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Reports - Research |
Peer Reviewed: |
Yes |
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Descriptors:
Prediction; Photography; Discriminant Analysis; Language Patterns; Models; Gender Differences; Aesthetics; Communication Skills; Interpersonal Competence; Social Cognition; Writing (Composition); Coding; Language Usage; Sex Stereotypes; Sexual Identity
Abstract:
The gender-linked language effect (GLLE) is a phenomenon in which transcripts of female communicators are rated higher on Socio-Intellectual Status and Aesthetic Quality and male communicators are rated higher on Dynamism. This study proposed and tested a new general process model explanation for the GLLE, a central mediating element of which posits that males and females have socialized schema of how each gender normatively communicates. Participants described five landscape photographs in writing. Participants were asked to describe the first photograph with no other instructions. The next four randomly ordered photos were described under two guises: "as if you were a man," and "as if you were a woman." Under both gender guises, participants described the photograph "to a man" and "to a woman." Transcripts were coded for gender-distinguishing language features. Discriminant analysis indicated that the language used by male and female respondents in the male guise differed from that used by the same respondents in the female guise, supporting communicators' consistent gender-linked language schemata, and stereotypes, and the new process model. While the data supported the new gender-linked language model, no effects were found for predictions also made regarding communication accommodation or gender identity salience. (Contains 6 tables and 1 figure.)
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Pub Date: |
2013-03-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Reports - Research |
Peer Reviewed: |
Yes |
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Descriptors:
Surgery; Group Dynamics; Interpersonal Communication; Communication Skills; Verbal Communication; Classification; Video Technology; Dialogs (Language); Vertical Organization; Power Structure; Safety
Abstract:
Focused dialogue, as good communication between practitioners, offers a condition of possibility for development of high levels of situation awareness in surgical teams. This has been termed "achieving ensemble". Situation awareness grasps what is happening in time and space with regard to one's own unfolding work in relation to that of colleagues, and is necessary to maintain patient safety throughout a surgical list. We refined a typology, initially developed for use in studying the dynamics of teams in aviation safety, of 10 kinds of communication within two broad areas: "Reports", or authoritative acts of communication setting up a monological or authoritative climate; and "Requests", or facilitative acts of communication setting up a dialogical or participatory climate. We systematically mapped how orthopaedic surgical teams use verbal communication through analysis of videotaped operations using the typology. We asked: "do orthopaedic surgical teams set up the conditions of possibility for the emergence of situation awareness through effective communication?" We found that orthopaedic surgical teams tend to produce monological rather than dialogical climates. Dialogue increases with more complex cases, but in routine work, communication levels are depressed and one-way, influenced by surgeons working within a traditionally hierarchical and authoritative culture. We suggest that such a monological climate inhibits development of situation awareness and then compromises patient safety. The same teams, however, generate potentially rich educational climates through exchange of profession-specific knowledge and skills, and we suggest that where technical skill exchange is good, non-technical or interpersonal communication skill levels can follow.
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Pub Date: |
2013-00-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Reports - Research |
Peer Reviewed: |
Yes |
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Descriptors:
Aggression; Classroom Research; Inferences; Student Role; Attribution Theory; Higher Education; Bias; Student Reaction; Colleges; Undergraduate Students; Likert Scales; Communication Skills
Abstract:
Research indicates that Americans believe instructor political bias to be a serious problem in the college classroom, as many professors are considered a liberal elite. In light of scholarship suggesting that characteristics students bring with them to the classroom may influence their perception of instructor communication behaviors, the present study explores the role student aggressive communication traits play in students' dispositional inferences of their instructors holding an ideological bias and how students react to that inference in the college classroom. Results reveal that students' verbal aggressiveness predicts their perceptions of instructor ideological bias, whereas students' argumentativeness predicts their reactions to instructor ideological bias. Pedagogical implications and areas for future research are discussed.
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Author(s): |
Fischer, Karin |
Source: |
Chronicle of Higher Education, Mar 2013 |
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Pub Date: |
2013-03-04 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Reports - Descriptive |
Peer Reviewed: |
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Descriptors:
Job Applicants; College Graduates; Communication Skills; Employees; Career Centers; Education Work Relationship; Surveys; Adjustment (to Environment); Problem Solving; Personnel Selection; Employment Qualifications
Abstract:
Employers value a four-year college degree, many of them more than ever. Yet half of those surveyed recently by "The Chronicle" and American Public Media's "Marketplace" said they had trouble finding recent graduates qualified to fill positions at their company or organization. Nearly a third gave colleges just fair to poor marks for producing successful employees. And they dinged bachelor's-degree holders for lacking basic workplace proficiencies, like adaptability, communication skills, and the ability to solve complex problems. What gives? These days a bachelor's degree is practically a prerequisite for getting one's resume read--two-thirds of employers said they never waive degree requirements, or do so only for particularly outstanding candidates. But clearly the credential leaves employers wanting. While they use college as a sorting mechanism, to signal job candidates' discipline and drive, they think it is falling short in adequately preparing new hires. The tension may lie partly in changes in the world of work: technological transformation and evolving expectations that employees be ready to handle everything straightaway. And perhaps managers are right to expect an easier time finding employees up to the task--after all, three times the proportion of Americans have bachelor's degrees now as did a generation or two ago. While some institutions tout their career centers, internship offerings, and academic programs designed with industry input, others argue that workplace skills ought to be taught on the job. Higher education is meant to educate broadly, not train narrowly, they say: It is business that is asking too much. And if college graduates are not up to scratch, some campus leaders ask, why do employers keep hiring them? The unemployment rate for Americans with bachelor's degrees, after all, is less than 5 percent; for those with only high-school diplomas, it is nearly double. Well, because even though employers may kvetch about college graduates, they generally make better employees than those who finished only high school. If nothing else, having gone through four--or five or six--years of schooling proves that they can stick with a task.
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Pub Date: |
2013-01-00 |
Pub Type(s): |
Journal Articles; Reports - Evaluative |
Peer Reviewed: |
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Descriptors:
Foreign Countries; School Effectiveness; Teacher Behavior; Teacher Effectiveness; Academic Achievement; Influences; Teacher Characteristics; Evidence; Self Efficacy; Communication Skills; Faculty Development; Classroom Environment; Interpersonal Communication; Feedback (Response); Sociolinguistics
Abstract:
The role and functioning of schools are changing as well as what is expected of teachers (who face growing and diversified challenges); consequentially, well-being at the schools is endangered. As teachers and teachers' educators concern is: How to improve schools' and teachers' effectiveness and promote well-being. Believing that the path to effectiveness is through evidence-based practice, according to research results (meta-analysis and effect-sizes), the authors analyzed which factors have more impact on schools effectiveness; teachers arise as a significant factor, accounting for about 30% of the variance on pupils' achievement. So, the authors have searched for factors that have significant impact on teachers' effectiveness. Evidence shows that, among other factors, giving/receiving feedback, beliefs and expectations, self-efficacy, establishing clear goals, effective interpersonal communication, and classroom climate are determinant. In face of these findings, the authors have explored how NLP (neuro-linguistic programming) can contribute to improving teachers' effectiveness, through professional training. (Contains 2 tables, 8 figures, and 15 footnotes.)
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Pub Date: |
2013-03-03 |
Pub Type(s): |
Reports - Descriptive; Tests/Questionnaires |
Peer Reviewed: |
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Descriptors:
Law Enforcement; Police Education; Public Relations; Courses; Mass Media; Communication Skills; Interpersonal Communication; Ethics; Transfer of Training; Problem Based Learning; Case Studies; Student Evaluation; Educational Needs; Surveys; Questionnaires; Tests
Abstract:
This communication project provides an overview of public relations as seen through the communication arts. It is specifically focused to give law enforcement officers a general review of the practice of public relations, communication basics, and an understanding of the media. This course also provides the facilitator with multiple tools for assessing transfer of knowledge on the subject. The course has a pre-course assessment designed so as not only to stimulate trainee interest on the subject, but also as a tool to gauge the importance of future communication training on the group. Additionally, this course approaches the transfer of knowledge based on important aspects of problem-based learning by having the trainees submit a completed case study assessment. The following are appended: (1) Training Plan Approval; (2) Training Needs Survey; (3) Background Questionnaire & PBL Case Study; (4) Student Course Guide; (5) Final Exam; (6) Syllabus & Rubric; and (7) References.
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