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Descriptors:
Public Agencies; Public Policy; Scientific Research; Periodicals; Access to Information; Federal Aid; Federal Government; Publishing Industry

Abstract:
The National Science Foundation (NSF), in carrying out the Obama administration's new push for greater public access to research published in scientific journals, will consider exclusivity periods shorter than the 12-month standard in the White House directive, as well as trade-offs involving data-sharing and considerations of publishers' financial sustainability. The administration's directive, announced on Friday after two years of deliberation, asks agencies that sponsor research to impose a 12-month upper limit on how long journals can hold subscription-only rights to articles describing research that was financed with federal funds. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) adopted such a requirement almost five years ago, and now all other federal agencies that spend at least $100-million a year on research and development are being given six months to draft a similar policy. The NIH announced this past November that it would soon begin enforcement by blocking the renewal of grant awards in cases where journal publications arising from the awards do not comply with its open-access rule. The NSF, the largest provider of federal money for basic scientific research after the NIH, will very likely follow the NIH in setting a 12-month period of exclusivity as its general rule. The White House science adviser, John P. Holdren, in announcing the new policy on Friday, described an expansion of public access to federally financed research as important to economic growth. Scientific research supported by the federal government spurs scientific breakthroughs and economic advances when research results are made available to innovators. Demands for open-access research have generated years of heated debate involving publishers, universities, researchers, and various advocacy groups. The NIH instituted its 12-month policy in April 2008, but only after strenuous objections from private publishing companies that fought back against an original proposal for six months. Congress has refused to pass a government-wide mandate, despite several years of attempts by some lawmakers. And only a year ago, the Obama administration appeared to have given up on the idea, after a year of studying the question. In the end, the plan outlined by Mr. Holdren does "a very good job of balancing interests" of libraries, universities, researchers, and publishers. Industry representatives appeared to agree. In a statement issued Friday, the Association of American Publishers said the new policy "outlines a reasonable, balanced resolution of issues around public access to research funded by federal agencies." Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Educational Change; Public Education; Private Schools; Educational Practices; Elementary Secondary Education; Charter Schools; Educational Quality; Equal Education; Data; Access to Information; Political Attitudes; Politics of Education

Abstract:
Like many parents and educators, the author is concerned about both quality and equity in the school systems and schools, public and private. He is equally frustrated at the seemingly zealous focus on producing more and more charter schools when America have had: (1) limited success in that arena; and (2) limited data on their success. That stated, he finds value in the charter experiment. He thinks it is helpful to find out-of-the-box ideas of educational reform. However, he is challenged when he senses a need to grow more and more charters when data show that they perform largely lesser than other public schools. They can be dressed up, but if they look and feel like the lowest-performing schools, guess what? They'll be low performing, too. The author always finds it interesting that a bunch of community and business people can come in and think they build a better school than the bunch with education credentials. Sometimes they can. Most of the time they fail miserably because they are in way over their pay grade with respect to educational pedagogy. Of course, the real problem is that there are too many underperforming, out-moded, and under-talented schools. These are the bad schools, and the word bad is fitting. Over 55 million students are taught in K-12 public and private schools in the United States annually. The sheer scope of this issue is hard to fathom. Nevertheless, it is a critical issue that must be contended with in America, and the charter discussion is an important piece of that discussion. In this article, the author makes a few targeted points about Dr. Maranto's review of his edited book, "Finding Superman: Debating the Future of Public Education in America" (2012). (Contains 2 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Access to Information; Program Effectiveness; Foreign Countries; Intention; Internet; Access to Computers; Developing Nations; Public Opinion; Government Role; Technological Advancement; Innovation; Surveys

Abstract:
Building public Internet access points (PIAPs) is a significant contribution of governments towards achieving an information society. While many developing countries are investing great amounts to establish PIAPs today, people may not use PIAPs effectively. Yet, the successful implementation of PIAPs is the result of citizens' acceptance to use this opportunity. Hence, based on the Diffusion of Innovation Model, this study aims to detect the determinants of behavioural intention to use PIAPs. Essential data were collected from 3477 users of BELNET PIAPs established by the municipality of Istanbul in Turkey. We found that observability, compatibility and relative advantage all positively impact the intention to use PIAPs. The results reveal academic and practical implications for the future development and implementation of PIAPs. (Contains 1 figure and 3 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Access to Computers; Access to Information; Evidence; Program Effectiveness; Foreign Countries; Internet; English; Information Technology; Case Studies; At Risk Persons; Program Evaluation; Social Capital; Disadvantaged; Computer Literacy

Abstract:
There is increasing evidence that the lack of access to information and communication technology (ICT) or the "digital divide" severely limits education, employment and economic prospects. This paper reports on the evaluation of a project that aims to bridge the digital divide. In particular, the case study data has been used to bring to life the impact that access to the internet, often for the first time, can make in people's lives. If you are isolated, suffer poor health or do not speak English then the internet can take on a very different meaning, it becomes an essential tool to your ability to communicate, feel connected and to your health and well-being. What is evident from this snapshot of practice of the Wired Community@Collingwood project is actually how it can improve these outcomes for the current participants. A multi-method approach was implemented in the first year of the evaluation, included the collection of qualitative data. Connecting with participants to engage them to tell their story provided the project with a rich source of information, but it required a time-consuming methodology that respected the barriers which participants faced. However, the narrative that is now a part of this project brought to life the impact of ICT in this community. Being a part of the digital divide in the twentieth century disconnects you from a part of your world that now exists for others. At Collingwood, these participants are making those connections on a daily basis and are excited about the new possibilities of being a part of the available technology. This study evidences the impact of bridging the digital divide in one of the most disadvantaged communities in Australia. (Contains 3 figures and 4 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Achievement Gap; Learner Engagement; Electronic Learning; Internet; Online Courses; Access to Information; Information Policy; Information Theory; Information Networks; Technology Uses in Education; Educational Innovation; Barriers; Educational Improvement; Improvement Programs; Educational Practices

Abstract:
In education, technology is giving new meaning to the phrase "equal opportunity." Teachers and students in schools across America--urban, rural, wealthy, and impoverished--are gaining access to online learning and all of its benefits through broadband technology. What is broadband? According to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), it is high-speed internet access that allows users to tap into information and take advantage of internet-related services that are difficult or impossible to move through slower, dial-up telephone lines. Text, images, and sound are all transmitted digitally as bits of data. Broadband is an education equalizer. A high-speed internet connection breaks down the barriers to accessing advanced learning materials and instruction. It also can heighten student engagement and enable personalized instruction that caters to varying learning styles. Kramer Middle School, a part of the District of Columbia Public Schools, is one of the district's 40 lowest-performing schools. This article describes the new program Kramer is embarking on that is predicted to better engage students and dramatically improve test scores. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Notetaking; Reading Writing Relationship; Communication (Thought Transfer); Information Dissemination; Documentation; Technological Advancement; Information Technology; Electronic Publishing; Access to Information; Information Management; Educational History; Educational Psychology; Conferences (Gatherings)

Abstract:
Considering how much attention people lavish on the technologies of writing--scroll, codex, print, screen--it's striking how little they pay to the technologies for digesting and regurgitating it. One way or another, there's no sector of the modern world that is not saturated with note-taking--the bureaucracy, the liberal professions, the sciences, the modern firm, and especially the academy, whose residents, transient and permanent, have more right than anyone else to claim that taking notes is what they do. Taken, made, jotted, foot, or head: Notes are necessary interventions between the things people read and the things they write. (Contains 6 endnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Foreign Countries; Mental Retardation; Mass Media Use; Information Technology; Accessibility (for Disabled); Access to Information; Influence of Technology; Normalization (Disabilities); Assistive Technology; Youth Agencies; Observation; Visual Aids; Interviews; Photography; Diaries; Social Networks; Individual Activities; Youth Opportunities; Adults; Intergenerational Programs; Daily Living Skills

Abstract:
This study introduces how technology and humans are part of relationships that influence agency among people with disabilities. It aims to focus attention on the use of, and access to, information and communication technology (ICT), and agency among youths and adults with intellectual disabilities. The study draws on empirical research conducted with youths and adults with intellectual disabilities, as well as staff at a day centre. It shows that by drawing upon interests, previous experiences, and cooperating in ICT activities the participants' agency changed. Also, it shows how disability is relational and how it can be influenced by ICT. An interdisciplinary approach is adopted to interpret the findings and to explore: How do people of different ages with intellectual disabilities experience the use of ICT in their everyday lives? Are people with intellectual disabilities able to influence their level of activity by using ICT? And if so, in what ways? Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Interests; Adolescents; Community Resources; Access to Information; Personal Narratives; Language Usage; Recreational Reading

Abstract:
While doubts surround relations between adolescents and books, Heath argues that today's adolescents seek out reading opportunities that develop and deepen their special interests. Wanting to know and do more than their parents, young people prize learning on their own time to advance skills, ways of knowing, and peer relationships. Doing so, they want to take every advantage that technologies give them. In doing so, they have to interpret numerous genres, visual images, and layered meanings. Based on three decades of research on the learning lives of working-class families, Heath asserts the vital need for adults to learn about the special interests of today's adolescents and to develop with them joint projects and explorations of multiple sources of information both through the internet and in place-based and face-to-face community resources such as museums and local experts. (Contains 1 note.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Student Attitudes; Content Analysis; Homework; Qualitative Research; Grade 7; Grade 8; Preferences; Educational Attitudes; Access to Information; Science Education; Technology Education; Questionnaires; Learning Activities; Science Activities; Difficulty Level; Performance Factors; Barriers; Foreign Countries

Abstract:
This study has been created as a qualitative search related the given homeworks in the science and technology courses in order to examine the students' views. The sample consists of 1,539 7th- and 8th- grade students in the city centre of Osmaniye. The search data is obtained from by using five open-ended questions. In the analysis of the data, content analysis method is used. As a result of the research, it is found that the students' perceptions for the homeworks are about understanding the subjects better, as reviews, responsibilities, homeworks to be done at home and doing researches. Also, it is concluded that there is a difference between the type of the homeworks given to the students and the homeworks which the students prefer doing. It is found that the students have difficulty in reaching the information from the resources, providing the tools, doing the hard homeworks, and doing the homeworks without understanding the subject. Finally, it is concluded that by these homeworks, the students understand the subject better, develop their skills (hand, research, observation, experiment, reading, and writing skills), get information about the natural events and living beings, solve tests in a shorter time, and get information about current events. (Contains 5 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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Descriptors:
Access to Information; Postsecondary Education; Academic Aspiration; Accuracy; Student Financial Aid; Outcomes of Education; Video Technology; High School Students; Educational Research; Foreign Countries

Abstract:
"Information and College Access: Evidence From a Randomized Field Experiment" examined the impact of offering an online informational video and financial aid materials to high school students on: (1) their postsecondary aspirations, (2) the accuracy of their understanding of financial aid availability, and (3) the accuracy of their estimates of the economic benefits of postsecondary education. More than 1,600 students from five low-achieving high schools in Toronto were invited to complete an online survey about their postsecondary aspirations. After completing the survey, respondents were selected at random to view a three-minute video and to use a financial aid calculator. Students were also given the financial aid application package for local postsecondary institutions along with instructions on how to apply for aid. Students in the control condition did not receive any of these materials. Outcomes were measured by a follow-up online survey conducted three weeks later. The study found that students offered the video and financial aid calculator reported more accurate assessments of returns to postsecondary education, less concern about postsecondary costs, and higher expectations for their educational attainment. The effects may have been larger for students who originally reported that they were unsure about their expected educational attainment. However, because of the need for additional data from the study authors, the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) cannot confirm the statistical significance of any of the study's outcomes. The study is a randomized experiment. Although overall attrition was 40%, attrition rates differed by only one percentage point in the treatment and comparison groups. Therefore, this study could potentially meet WWC evidence standards without reservations. A more thorough review (forthcoming) will be conducted to determine the study rating. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract

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