This paper will begin by discussing some of the important theories relating to the use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in learning. It then explores problems affecting the implementation of educational technology in Hong Kong's primary schools, including issues of cost effectiveness. A survey was administered to school heads and teachers, resulting in 574 questionnaires being completed and analysed. The survey found that teachers have a remarkably less optimistic view than heads on several aspects in ICT use. Such a perception gap between them, if any, can lead to serious problems. Policymakers should be aware of this, and carefully re-examine if there have been any problems with the implementation. Although the study was conducted in Hong Kong, its rationale and method are likely to be applicable to other parts of the world. (Contains 5 tables and 2 figures.)