Drawing selectively on data from a study of Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) that included questionnaires sent to 2,000 randomly selected local Title I directors, structured interviews and document reviews in 100 representative Title I districts, and indepth studies in 40 specially selected Title I districts, this report describes the legal framework for school and student selection under both Title I of the ESEA and Chapter 1 of the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act (ECIA) of 1981. After discussing differences between these two sets of provisions, in the following section the author addresses two major issues: (1) the effects of Chapter 1 on school and student selection and the degree of concentration of services and (2) the likely effects of Chapter 1's elimination of school, attendance area, and student selection options previously available under Title I. Findings indicate that, although a majority of districts do not perceive a loss of flexibility under ECIA, most Title I directors believe services under ECIA will be less concentrated than services under Title I, resulting in an overall reduction of services to students currently in Title I programs. (JBM)