The impact of the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) Community Action Programs (CAP) on 6 selected American Indian reservations (Gila River and Papago, Arizona; Santa Clara Pueblo, New Mexico; Pine Ridge, South Dakota; Turtle Mountain, North Dakota, and White Earth Chippewa, Minnesota) are evaluated. After considering the development of Indian poverty and research approaches employed in evaluation of CAP structure and operations on the 6 reservations, each reservation is discussed in respect to relevant historical and cultural background, resources and people, and the arrival and impact of CAP. An analytical critique and a summation of significant findings follow, relating this material both to Indian poverty and to OEO responses. Recommendations derived from this total range of investigations and analyses conclude the report. These focus on the principal problem areas identified in the course of project research and field work, and include suggestions, both for action and further research, bearing on improvement of existing programs. A brief note suggesting an innovative approach to the development of economically self-sustaining reservations is added, together with a brief commentary on alternative roads for the Indian into the post-poverty society. A synthesis of findings, recommendations, and bibliography are included. (Author/FF)