This handbook analyzes effects on children of traditional media, such as television, film, and advertising; and new media, such as the Internet and video games. The chapters are: (1) "The History of Children's Use of Electronic Media" (Paik); (2) "Free Reading: Implications for Child Development" (Desmond); (3) "The Use of Television and Other Film-Related Media" (Comstock, Scharrer); (4) "The Impact of Interactive Games and the Internet on Cognition, Socialization, and Behavior" (Subrahmanyam and others); (5) "Attention, Comprehension, and the Educational Influences of Television" (Bickham, Wright, Huston); (6) "Television and the Child's Developing Imagination" (Valkenburg); (7) "Television as Incidental Language Teacher" (Naigles, Mayeux); (8) "Creating Vigilance for Better Learning from Television" (Miron, Bryant, Zillmann); (9) "Prosocial Effects on Children's Social Interactions" (Mares, Woodard); (10) "The Media and Children's Fears, Anxieties, and Perceptions of Danger" (Cantor); (11) "Effects of Televised Violence on Aggression" (Bushman, Huesmann); (12) "Media Violence in Cross-Cultural Perspective" (Groebel); (13) "Research on Sex in the Media" (Malamuth, Impett) (14) "Sex in the Media: Theory, Influences, and Solutions" (Donnerstein, Smith); (15) "Mass Media and Identity Development" (Huntemann, Morgan); (16) "Media and the Family" (Kubey, Donovan); (17) "Television's Gender Role Images and Contribution to Stereotyping" (Signorielli); (18) "Television, Children, and Multicultural Awareness" (Berry, Asamen); (19) "Children and Television Advertising" (Kunkel); (20) "Popular Music in Childhood and Adolescence" (Roberts, Christenson); (21) "Children, Adolescents, Drugs, and the Media" (Strasburger); (22) "Television Food Advertising" (Horgen, Choate, Brownell); (23) "Television and Morality" (Rosenkoetter); (24) "The Economic Structure of the Commercial Electronic Children's Media Industries" (Allen); (25) "Broadcast Networks and the Children's Television Business" (Alexander); (26) "Children's Programming on Public Television" (Franklin, Rifkin, Pascual); (27) "PRIX JEUNESSE as a Force for Cultural Diversity" (Kleeman); (28) "Cable Television" (Dirr); (29) "Children, the Internet, and Other New Technologies" (Tarpley); (30) "Hazards and Possibilities of Commercial TV in the Schools" (Wartella, Jennings); (31) "The Role of Research in Educational Television" (Cohen); (32) "Children and Media Policy" (Kunkel, Wilcox); (33) "Industry Standards and Practices: Compliance with the Children's Television Act" (Hill-Scott); (34) "Child and Parent Responses to the Age-Based and Content-Based Television Ratings" (Greenberg, Rampoldi-Hnilo); (35) "The New On-Line Children's Consumer Culture" (Montgomery); (36) "Government Regulations and Parental Control of Children's Television Use in the Home" (Jordan); (37) "Parents and Other Adults: Models and Monitors of Healthy Media Habits" (Hogan); (38) "Media Literacy and Critical Television Viewing in Education" (Brown); and (39) "Children's Advocacy Groups" (Trotta). Each chapter contains references. (KB)