Earlier this month, the Court of Justice of the European Union (the Court), ruled that European Union (EU) member states can impose non-resident student quotas in certain circumstances. The Court, whose job is to ensure that all EU member states interpret and apply EU legislation in the same way, recently made the ruling in response to a long-running Belgian court case involving restricted numbers of other EU country students. In 2006, the Belgian government introduced capped 30% enrolment for non-Belgian nationals studying certain physiotherapy and veterinary degrees in French-speaking Wallonia, citing public health concerns due to too few Belgian graduates. Importantly, the Court stipulates that while discrimination against students on the basis of nationality contravenes EU law, student quotas may be appropriate if they ultimately protect public health. Educationalists are questioning, however, the ruling's potential to undermine mobility in the EU and the broader advantages of the European Higher Education Area. What is the Court's ruling, and how does it contradict EU legislation? Which other EU countries are likely to use the ruling to implement student quotas, especially in particular programmes?