Processes of knowledge production by professional architects and architects-in-training were studied and compared. Both professionals and students were involved in the production of knowledge about the architectural heritage of historical buildings in Cape Town. In a study of the artefacts produced, observations of the processes by means of which these came to be produced, and interviews with the participants, it was found that the professional architects and the students produced different kinds of architectural knowledge. The professional architects drew on a wide range of knowledge bases, and were proficient in the integration of "vertical" and "horizontal" forms of knowledge (Bernstein, 1996). In contrast, the students' knowledge bases were more limited, and their knowledge production methods did not promote the integration of "vertical" and "horizontal" knowledge forms. The article offers a typology of the different kinds of knowledge produced, and makes recommendations for the productive alignment of higher education knowledge bases and knowledge production methods, with those of the profession.