This book addresses the need to diversify mainstream forms of assessment currently used in Higher Education in order to re-establish the focus on the learning process. Making assessment central to student learning is about returning to what current research emphasises: the primary beneficiary of assessment should be the student. To achieve this in the assessment context, students and tutors must engage in a process of dialogue and feedback. It seems to be widely accepted that assessment succeeds when the learner monitors, identifies and then is able to "bridge" the gap between current learning achievements and agreed goals. It is, however, more questionable whether adequate opportunities are given to students to be active participants in closing what has been termed "the loop". Contributors to this book have responded in different ways to the challenge of enhancing learning through assessment, offering reasons for the lack of focus on learning within assessment processes as well as suggesting possible solutions. The chapters demonstrate a balance between innovation and practicality, drawing on the underpinning theories. The result is both rich in discussion and an extremely useful resource for practitioners. This book was originally published as a special issue of "Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education". Contents include: (1) Introduction: Approaches to Assessment that Enhance Learning (Stylianos Hatzipanagos and Rebecca Rochon); (2) Reflections and New Directions (Paul Black and Robert McCormick); (3) From Monologue to Dialogue: Improving Written Feedback Processes in Mass Higher Education (David Nicol); (4) The Impact of Formative Feedback on the Development of Academic Writing (Ursula Wingate); (5) Beyond Feedback: Developing Student Capability in Complex Appraisal (D. Royce Sadler); (6) Exploring the Use of Peer Assessment as a Vehicle for Closing the Gap between Feedback Given and Feedback Used (Patricia Cartney); (7) A Multi-Faceted Formative Assessment Approach: Better Recognising the Learning Needs of Students (James O. Jenkins); (8) Non-Traditional Learners in Higher Education: Comparison of a Traditional MCQ Examination with Concept Mapping to Assess Learning in a Dental Radiological Science Course (David B. Hay, Po Li Tan, and Eric Whaites); (9) Beginning Teacher Education and Collaborative Formative e-Assessment (Mary Webb); (10) Exploring Formative e-Assessment: Using Case Stories and Design Patterns (Caroline Daly, Norbert Pachler, Yishay Mor, and Harvey Mellar); and (11) Complexity Theory--An Approach to Assessment that Can Enhance Learning and--More Generally--Could Transform University Management (Lewis Elton).