Data were gathered through telephone survey of a random sample of 91 urban men and 97 farm operators to study pollution attitudes, knowledge, and household pollution abatement behavior among urban residents and farmers. The results indicate that urban men are more concerned about pollution, more willing to allocate tax money to clean up pollution, have greater knowledge about the pollution of the city water supply, and are more likely to practice pollution abatement in their households. Demographic and socioeconomic background characteristics are better predictors of attitudes than of behavior. Analyses of the simultaneous effects of background variables and attitudes yield little about variables affecting knowledge acquisition, but indicate that pollution behavior is related to both situational factors (marital status among urban men, older age among the farmers) and attitudinal concern. It is argued that adherents to voluntaristic strategies of pollution abatement are essentially displaying a rationale for inaction. (Author)