This paper on sexual assault defines the terms connected with sexual assault and identifies the most common situations in which sexual assault occurs. Information on the types of people who are sexual assault offenders is presented. Common myths concerning sexual assault, particularly rape, that are held in some segments of society are presented with factual information which disproves the myths. Emotional effects of sexual assault are examined and the resulting counseling issues are discussed. A review of research is presented which indicates that most sexual assaults were perpetrated by acquaintances of the victims such as relatives, dates, trusted adult friends, or even marital partners. The review found that rapes by strangers were the ones most often reported and were the most damaging in some ways to the victims both physically and emotionally. Common characteristics of men who rape are identified. The emotional effects of sexual assault are reported to be quite devastating to the victim. The problem of defining sexual assault as a crime of violence and the victim's need to deal with the sexual component during recovery is described as the main incongruity that must be integrated by helping professionals. The paper concludes with recommendations for counselors who will be working with victims of sexual assault. (46 references) (ABL)