Young children growing up in poverty face chronic risk factors, including abuse and neglect, severe maternal depression, parental substance abuse, harsh parenting, and family and community violence as well as greater exposure to physical risks, including substandard housing, lack of access to resources, and environmental toxins. The authors offer suggestions for raising awareness, providing education and training across systems that serve young children and their families, and developing increased capacity for those professionals in the field of infant and early childhood mental health to respond effectively.